de Bures Idelette
Hist Sci Med. 2006 Jul-Sep;40(3):301-4.
The Law of 30th June 1838 for the insane, voted practically unanimously by the two Chambers, made it obligatory for each Dipartement to have an establishment specifically for the treatment of the insane. The Law made lengthy arrangements about admissions--official or voluntary--also the arrangements for the maintenance or the departure of patients placed in these treatment centres. The administrative authorities, and above all the Préfet, as well as the judicial authorities, must regularly visit these establishments, to examine the possible complaints of the patients and to control the application of the Law. The doctors were held responsible for the certificates describing the state of the person and his need to remain in care, or the possibility of his leaving. The protection and the freedom of the individual, which could have been put in jeopardy by committal, was the major preoccupation of the legislators in 1838. The Law of 30th June 1838 has been replaced by that of 27th June 1990 which has kept all the essential measures.
1838年6月30日关于精神病患者的法律由两院几乎一致投票通过，规定每个省都必须设立专门用于治疗精神病患者的机构。该法律对入院（官方或自愿）以及安置在这些治疗中心的患者的供养或出院事宜做出了详细安排。行政当局，尤其是省长，以及司法当局必须定期视察这些机构，审查患者可能提出的投诉并监督法律的执行情况。医生负责开具描述患者状况以及其留院护理需求或出院可能性的证明。1838年立法者主要关注的是可能因收押而受到威胁的个人保护和自由。1838年6月30日的法律已被1990年6月27日的法律取代，后者保留了所有基本措施。
