Diemer T, Schroeder-Printzen I, Weidner W
Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg GmbH, Standort Giessen, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, 35385, Giessen.
Urologe A. 2007 Jul;46(7):789-98; quiz 799. doi: 10.1007/s00120-007-1365-y.
The introduction of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) into the catalogue of assisted reproductive technologies in the mid-nineties has, for the first time, offered men who suffer from severe disorders of spermatogenesis and azoospermia the possibility of fathering a child. Different surgical techniques can be used to extract spermatozoa from these men from either the epididymis and/or the testis for ICSI. Surgical sperm retrieval offers a treatment for both patients with testicular or obstructive azoospermia in cases where microsurgical refertilization is not an option or has already failed. Among surgical techniques that have been developed over the years, microsurgical epididymial sperm aspiration (MESA) and testicular sperm extraction (TESE) have become the most popular. By utilizing these techniques together with the cryopreservation of extracted spermatozoa, a single surgical intervention is able to provide spermatozoa for several ICSI attempts.
上世纪九十年代中期，胞浆内单精子注射（ICSI）被纳入辅助生殖技术目录，这首次为患有严重精子发生障碍和无精子症的男性提供了生育孩子的可能性。可采用不同的外科技术从这些男性的附睾和/或睾丸中提取精子用于ICSI。对于睾丸性或梗阻性无精子症患者，在显微外科再通术不可行或已经失败的情况下，手术取精提供了一种治疗方法。在多年来开发的外科技术中，显微外科附睾精子抽吸术（MESA）和睾丸精子提取术（TESE）最为常用。通过将这些技术与提取精子的冷冻保存相结合，单次手术干预就能为多次ICSI尝试提供精子。
