Sim J
Department of Health Sciences, Coventry Polytechnic, Coventry, England.
J Adv Nurs. 1991 Nov;16(11):1284-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.1991.tb01555.x.
Studies of the ethics of medical and nursing research have focused principally on the more practical issues to do with the research process, such as informed consent and protection of subjects from harm. A more fundamental question, which is often overlooked, is whether individuals are under any sort of obligation to participate as subjects in nursing research in the first place. The conclusions which nurses reach on this issue will help establish the overall moral climate in which nursing research is conducted. In this paper, three models of such an obligation are explored; one based on a notion of payment, one centred in the social contract, and one which seeks to establish an unconditional obligation. Each of these is seen to be flawed in various respects. The delicate and potentially conflicting relationship between obligation and consent is then briefly examined. In conclusion, it is argued that the notion of a 'moral claim' on participation in research is an ethically more acceptable approach than any strict sense of obligation.
医学与护理研究伦理的研究主要聚焦于与研究过程相关的更实际的问题，比如知情同意以及保护受试者免受伤害。一个更基本的、却常常被忽视的问题是，个人是否首先就有任何义务作为受试者参与护理研究。护士们在这个问题上得出的结论将有助于确立开展护理研究的整体道德氛围。本文探讨了这种义务的三种模式；一种基于报酬的概念，一种以社会契约为核心，还有一种试图确立无条件的义务。可以看出，每一种模式在各个方面都存在缺陷。接着简要审视了义务与同意之间微妙且可能相互冲突的关系。最后得出结论，认为参与研究的“道德主张”这一概念在伦理上比任何严格意义上的义务更可接受。
