Biopsychosocial aspects of chronic fatigue syndrome (myalgic encephalomyelitis).

Fifteen patients, with a primary complaint of chronic fatigue, were referred to a physician by their general practitioners. Psychological distress, measured by simple psychiatric rating scales was common, but specific psychiatric diagnoses, derived from a comprehensive diagnostic interview, occurred less frequently. One questionnaire (Montgomery-Asberg depression rating scale) found emotional distress in 93%, but the diagnostic instrument (Present State Examination) suggested depressive syndromes in only two patients (13%). There were significant occupational difficulties in 87%. No consistently abnormal indices of biochemical or immunological function were found, nor evidence of acute or chronic infection. Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is associated with physical, psychological and social distress. The illness cannot be defined using just one of these dimensions. Such a unilateral approach has resulted in unnecessary controversy over the nature of the 'real' core of CFS. A problem-oriented approach, recognising the multi-factorial and overlapping cause and effect issues in CFS, may be of more benefit to patients.