Sandahl Jason F, Baldwin David H, Jenkins Jeffrey J, Scholz Nathaniel L
Oregon State University, Department of Molecular and Environmental Toxicology, 333 Weniger Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA.
Environ Sci Technol. 2007 Apr 15;41(8):2998-3004. doi: 10.1021/es062287r.
Motor vehicles are a major source of toxic contaminants such as copper, a metal that originates from vehicle exhaust and brake pad wear. Copper and other pollutants are deposited on roads and other impervious surfaces and then transported to aquatic habitats via stormwater runoff. In the western United States, exposure to non-point source pollutants such as copper is an emerging concern for many populations of threatened and endangered Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) that spawn and rear in coastal watersheds and estuaries. To address this concern, we used conventional neurophysiological recordings to investigate the impact of ecologically relevant copper exposures (0-20 microg/L for 3 h) on the olfactory system of juvenile coho salmon (O. kisutch). These recordings were combined with computer-assisted video analyses of behavior to evaluate the sensitivity and responsiveness of copper-exposed coho to a chemical predation cue (conspecific alarm pheromone). The sensory physiology and predator avoidance behaviors of juvenile coho were both significantly impaired by copper at concentrations as low as 2 microg/L. Therefore, copper-containing stormwater runoff from urban landscapes has the potential to cause chemosensory deprivation and increased predation mortality in exposed salmon.
机动车是铜等有毒污染物的主要来源，铜这种金属源自汽车尾气和刹车片磨损。铜及其他污染物沉积在道路和其他不透水表面，然后通过雨水径流被输送到水生栖息地。在美国西部，对于许多在沿海流域和河口产卵及育幼的受威胁和濒危太平洋鲑鱼（大麻哈鱼属）种群来说，接触铜等非点源污染物正成为一个新的问题。为了解决这一问题，我们使用传统神经生理学记录方法，研究了与生态相关的铜暴露（0至20微克/升，持续3小时）对银大麻哈鱼幼鱼（O. kisutch）嗅觉系统的影响。这些记录与计算机辅助的行为视频分析相结合，以评估暴露于铜的银大麻哈鱼对化学捕食信号（同种警报信息素）的敏感性和反应能力。低至2微克/升的铜就能显著损害银大麻哈鱼幼鱼的感觉生理学和捕食回避行为。因此，城市景观中含铜的雨水径流有可能导致受暴露鲑鱼出现化学感觉剥夺并增加被捕食死亡率。
