Crocker P R, Grozelle C
School of Physical Education, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1991 Jun;31(2):277-82.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of acute aerobic activity an an autogenic relaxation session on reducing induced state anxiety. Eighty-five university students were randomly assigned to one of three groups (a) aerobic, (b) relaxation, (c) control. Each group was tested separately. The general procedure consisted of anxiety induction, assessment, intervention, and assessment. The induced affect procedure involved having subjects visualize distressing images and generating high arousal states for ten minutes (Smith and Ascough, 1985). State anxiety was assessed by State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (form Y-1). The aerobic intervention lasted 40 minutes, including warm-up and cool-down. The relaxation intervention consisted of listening and following instructions on a tape for approximately 30 minutes (Budzyski T, 1974, "Limb Heaviness-Exercise MU3-3"). The control group was excused after anxiety induction and told to report back in 30 minutes. The data was analyzed by a 3 x 2 (groups by time) ANOVA with repeated measures on the last factor. The groups by times interaction was significant, F(2,82) = 13.07, p less than 0.01. Post-hoc analysis using Tukey with a normalized n indicated that both the aerobic and relaxation groups significantly reduce anxiety scores from pretreatment to post-treatment but were not different from each other. Both groups were significantly different from the control. The findings support the argument that an acute aerobic activity and relaxation session can reduce induced anxiety. These results have implications for motivating individuals to engage in exercise and activity to relieve anxiety generated by an acute stressor.
本研究的目的是调查急性有氧运动和一次自生放松训练对减轻诱发的状态焦虑的影响。八十五名大学生被随机分配到三个组之一：（a）有氧运动组，（b）放松组，（c）对照组。每个组分别进行测试。一般程序包括焦虑诱发、评估、干预和评估。诱发情感程序包括让受试者想象令人痛苦的图像并产生高唤醒状态，持续十分钟（史密斯和阿斯库夫，1985年）。状态焦虑通过状态-特质焦虑量表（Y-1型）进行评估。有氧运动干预持续40分钟，包括热身和放松。放松干预包括听一盘录音带并按照指示进行约30分钟（布齐斯基T，1974年，《肢体沉重-练习MU3-3》）。对照组在焦虑诱发后被 excused（此处原文有误，可推测为“excused from further testing”之类意思，暂按“免除进一步测试”理解），并被告知30分钟后回来。数据通过3×2（组×时间）方差分析进行分析，最后一个因素采用重复测量。组×时间交互作用显著，F(2,82) = 13.07，p小于0.01。使用带有标准化n的图基事后分析表明，有氧运动组和放松组从治疗前到治疗后焦虑得分均显著降低，但彼此之间没有差异。两组与对照组均有显著差异。研究结果支持这样的观点，即急性有氧运动和放松训练可以减轻诱发的焦虑。这些结果对于激励个体参与运动和活动以缓解由急性应激源产生的焦虑具有启示意义。
