Fox James M, Chamberlain Giselle, Ashton Brian A, Middleton Jim
Arthritis Research Centre, Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University at Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, UK.
Br J Haematol. 2007 Jun;137(6):491-502. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2007.06610.x.
The use of adult stem cells to regenerate damaged tissue circumvents the moral and technical issues associated with the use of those from an embryonic source. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can be isolated from a variety of tissues, most commonly from the bone marrow, and, although they represent a very small percentage of these cells, are easily expandable. Recently, the use of MSC has provided clinical benefit to patients with osteogenesis imperfecta, graft-versus-host disease and myocardial infarction. The cellular cues that enabled the MSC to be directed to the sites of tissue damage and the mechanisms by which MSC then exert their therapeutic effect are becoming clearer. This review discusses the relative therapeutic importance of the ability of MSC to differentiate into multiple cell lineages or stimulate resident or attracted cells via a paracrine mode of action. It also reviews recent findings that MSC home to damaged tissues in a similar, but somewhat distinct, manner to that of leucocytes via the utilisation of adhesion molecules, such as selectins and integrins, and chemokines and their receptors in a manner reminiscent of leucocytes trafficking from the blood stream to inflammatory sites.
使用成体干细胞再生受损组织可避免与使用胚胎来源干细胞相关的伦理和技术问题。间充质干细胞（MSC）可从多种组织中分离出来，最常见的是从骨髓中分离，并且，尽管它们在这些细胞中所占比例非常小，但易于扩增。最近，MSC的使用已为患有成骨不全症、移植物抗宿主病和心肌梗死的患者带来了临床益处。使MSC能够定向到组织损伤部位的细胞信号以及MSC随后发挥其治疗作用的机制正变得越来越清晰。本综述讨论了MSC分化为多种细胞谱系或通过旁分泌作用方式刺激驻留或吸引细胞的能力的相对治疗重要性。它还回顾了最近的研究发现，即MSC通过利用粘附分子（如选择素和整合素）以及趋化因子及其受体，以类似于但又有些不同的方式归巢到受损组织，这种方式让人联想到白细胞从血流向炎症部位的迁移。
