Schatton R, Riechelmann H
Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Universitätsklinik Ulm.
Laryngorhinootologie. 2007 Jun;86(6):454-60; quiz 461-2. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-966570.
Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is characterized by oral dysesthesia, xerostomia and dysgeusia without visible alterations of oral mucosa. While secondary BMS results from an underlying general condition such as diabetes or iron deficiency, no causal disorder can be identified in primary BMS. The estimated prevalence is 1 - 2%, postmenopausal women are substantially more frequently affected than men. Current etiologic concepts assume a focal peripheral and central neuropathy. Only few controlled drug trials have yet been conducted. Thioctic acid appears the medical treatment of choice due to its comparatively good evidence for efficacy and low incidence of adverse reaction. Gabapentin and pregabalin are modern GABA-analogue anticonvulsants, which are also efficient in the treatment of peripheral neuropathies. Also conceptually appropriate for BMS treatment, current evidence for efficacy in BMS is insufficient. In two trials, local oral treatment with clonazepam has been beneficial in BMS. The efficacy of antidepressants is equivocal.
灼口综合征（BMS）的特征是口腔感觉异常、口干和味觉障碍，而口腔黏膜无明显改变。继发性BMS由潜在的全身性疾病如糖尿病或缺铁引起，而原发性BMS则无法确定病因。估计患病率为1%-2%，绝经后女性比男性受影响的频率高得多。目前的病因学概念认为是局灶性周围神经病变和中枢神经病变。目前仅进行了少数对照药物试验。硫辛酸因其疗效证据相对充分且不良反应发生率低，似乎是首选的药物治疗。加巴喷丁和普瑞巴林是新型GABA类似物抗惊厥药，它们在治疗周围神经病变方面也有效。从概念上讲，它们也适用于BMS治疗，但目前关于其在BMS中疗效的证据不足。在两项试验中，局部口服氯硝西泮对BMS有益。抗抑郁药的疗效尚无定论。
