Neuromuscular disorders of the larynx.

The voice may be affected adversely by a variety of neuromuscular disorders, including movement disorders, paralysis, and degenerative conditions of the central and peripheral nervous system. The diagnosis of these conditions usually requires high-technology tools, and the results of treatment are variable. Diagnostic considerations, aspects of a complete neurologic examination, an examination of the basic organization of neural control as it relates to the larynx, and treatment options are provided in this article.