Okamoto Yoshiaki, Tsuneto Satoru, Matsuda Yoichi, Inoue Takaya, Tanimukai Hitoshi, Tazumi Keiko, Ono Yumiko, Kurokawa Nobuo, Uejima Etsuko
Department of Hospital Pharmacy Education, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
J Pain Symptom Manage. 2007 Aug;34(2):217-22. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2006.10.020. Epub 2007 Jun 4.
Nausea and vomiting are distressing symptoms in advanced cancer patients. The causes of nausea and vomiting are multifactorial. Among the causes is opioid therapy, the mainstay of cancer pain management. When nausea or other opioid side effects occur, it may hamper pain management and undermine the quality of life of cancer patients. Risperidone exerts an antiemetic effect in animals, but there has been no clinical report on its antiemetic activity. We conducted a retrospective chart review to examine whether risperidone is useful for opioid-induced nausea and vomiting in advanced cancer patients (n=20). Risperidone was given as doses of 1mg once a day. Complete response was observed in 50% of patients (10/20) for nausea and 64% (7/11) for vomiting. Sedation (n=2) was documented as an adverse effect. This observation suggests that risperidone can be an effective antiemetic drug in the treatment of refractory opioid-induced nausea and vomiting in advanced cancer patients.
恶心和呕吐是晚期癌症患者令人痛苦的症状。恶心和呕吐的原因是多方面的。其中一个原因是阿片类药物治疗，这是癌症疼痛管理的主要手段。当出现恶心或其他阿片类药物副作用时，可能会妨碍疼痛管理并损害癌症患者的生活质量。利培酮在动物身上具有止吐作用，但尚无关于其止吐活性的临床报告。我们进行了一项回顾性病历审查，以研究利培酮对晚期癌症患者（n = 20）阿片类药物引起的恶心和呕吐是否有用。利培酮的给药剂量为每日1毫克。50%的患者（10/20）恶心症状完全缓解，64%（7/11）的患者呕吐症状完全缓解。有2例记录了镇静作为不良反应。这一观察结果表明，利培酮可能是治疗晚期癌症患者难治性阿片类药物引起的恶心和呕吐的有效止吐药物。
