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华盛顿崛起:1955年至2004年美国对智力残疾的公共财政支持

Washington rises: public financial support for intellectual disability in the United States, 1955-2004.

作者信息

Braddock David

机构信息

Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Coleman Institute for Cognitive Disabilities, Boulder, Colorado 80301, USA.

出版信息

Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev. 2007;13(2):169-77. doi: 10.1002/mrdd.20150.

Abstract

Public financial support for intellectual disability in the United States grew from 2.3 billion in 1955 to 82.6 billion in 2004, and the federal government emerged during this period as the principal provider of such support. Notwithstanding this unprecedented growth in financial support, many inequities persist today in the distribution of financial resources and services across states, communities, families and to individual disabled consumers. Moreover, tens of thousands of persons with intellectual disabilities continue to live in institutions and nursing homes, waiting lists and aging caregivers are growing rapidly, and family support and supported employment programs receive limited funding. Research and training support has declined significantly in comparison to the growing financial commitments for services and income maintenance. To address these and other issues, the author suggests commissioning a new "President's Panel on Intellectual Disability" modeled on President Kennedy's landmark 1961 Panel on Mental Retardation. The new panel would be appointed during the first months of the new presidential administration in 2009 and deliver its report to the President in 2011, commemorating the 50(th) anniversary of the original President's Panel.

摘要

美国对智力残疾者的公共财政支持从1955年的23亿美元增长到2004年的826亿美元,在此期间,联邦政府成为此类支持的主要提供者。尽管财政支持出现了前所未有的增长,但如今在各州、社区、家庭以及残疾个体消费者之间,财政资源和服务的分配仍存在许多不平等现象。此外,数以万计的智力残疾者继续生活在机构和疗养院中,等候名单不断增加,照顾者老龄化问题迅速加剧,家庭支持和支持性就业项目获得的资金有限。与不断增加的服务和收入维持财政投入相比,研究与培训支持大幅减少。为解决这些及其他问题,作者建议仿照肯尼迪总统1961年具有里程碑意义的智力迟钝问题特别委员会,设立一个新的“总统智力残疾问题特别委员会”。新委员会将在2009年新总统任期的头几个月内任命,并于2011年向总统提交报告,以纪念原总统特别委员会成立50周年。

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