Henry Julie D, Phillips Louise H, Crawford John R, Kliegel Matthias, Theodorou Georgia, Summers Fiona
University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2007 Jul;29(5):457-66. doi: 10.1080/13803390600762717.
A quantitative review indicated that prospective memory impairment is a consistent feature of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, evidence also suggests that manipulations that increase demands on controlled attentional processes moderate the magnitude of observed deficits. A total of 16 TBI participants were compared with 15 matched controls on a task in which the number of prospective target events was manipulated. This manipulation was of interest because two competing models make different predictions as to its effect on controlled attentional processes. In the context of Smith and Bayen's (2004) preparatory attentional processes and memory processes (PAM) model increasing the number of target events should increase requirements for controlled attentional processing. In contrast, McDaniel and Einstein's (2000) multiprocess framework assumes that distinct target events presented in focal awareness of the processing activities required for the ongoing task are likely to depend on automatic processes. This latter model therefore leads to the prediction that increasing the number of target events should not increase demands upon controlled attentional processes. Consistent with McDaniel and Einstein's (2000) multiprocess framework, TBI patients were significantly and comparably impaired on the one- and the four-target-event conditions relative to controls. Further, TBI deficits could not be attributed to increased difficulty with the retrospective component of the prospective memory task. The practical and theoretical implications of these results are discussed.
一项定量综述表明，前瞻性记忆障碍是创伤性脑损伤（TBI）的一个持续特征。然而，有证据还表明，增加对控制性注意过程需求的操作会缓和所观察到的缺陷程度。在一项前瞻性目标事件数量被操控的任务中，对16名创伤性脑损伤参与者与15名匹配的对照组进行了比较。这种操控之所以令人感兴趣，是因为两种相互竞争的模型对其对控制性注意过程的影响做出了不同预测。在史密斯和贝扬（2004年）的准备性注意过程与记忆过程（PAM）模型的背景下，增加目标事件的数量应该会增加对控制性注意加工的要求。相比之下，麦克丹尼尔和爱因斯坦（2000年）的多过程框架假设，在对正在进行的任务所需加工活动的焦点意识中呈现的不同目标事件可能依赖于自动过程。因此，后一种模型导致这样的预测，即增加目标事件的数量不应增加对控制性注意过程的需求。与麦克丹尼尔和爱因斯坦（2000年）的多过程框架一致，创伤性脑损伤患者在单目标事件条件和四目标事件条件下相对于对照组均有显著且相当程度的损伤。此外，创伤性脑损伤的缺陷不能归因于前瞻性记忆任务的回顾性成分难度增加。讨论了这些结果的实际和理论意义。
