Ron David, Walter Peter
The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, USA.
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2007 Jul;8(7):519-29. doi: 10.1038/nrm2199.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) responds to the accumulation of unfolded proteins in its lumen (ER stress) by activating intracellular signal transduction pathways - cumulatively called the unfolded protein response (UPR). Together, at least three mechanistically distinct arms of the UPR regulate the expression of numerous genes that function within the secretory pathway but also affect broad aspects of cell fate and the metabolism of proteins, amino acids and lipids. The arms of the UPR are integrated to provide a response that remodels the secretory apparatus and aligns cellular physiology to the demands imposed by ER stress.
内质网（ER）通过激活细胞内信号转导途径（统称为未折叠蛋白反应（UPR））来应对其腔内未折叠蛋白的积累（内质网应激）。UPR至少有三个机制不同的分支共同调节众多在分泌途径中起作用的基因的表达，同时也影响细胞命运以及蛋白质、氨基酸和脂质代谢的广泛方面。UPR的各个分支相互整合，以提供一种重塑分泌装置并使细胞生理与内质网应激所施加的需求相匹配的反应。
