潜水甲虫的系统发育揭示了两性之间的协同进化军备竞赛。
Phylogeny of diving beetles reveals a coevolutionary arms race between the sexes.
机构信息
Entomology Department, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom; Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, United Kingdom.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2007 Jun 13;2(6):e522. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000522.
BACKGROUND
Darwin illustrated his sexual selection theory with male and female morphology of diving beetles, but maintained a cooperative view of their interaction. Present theory suggests that instead sexual conflict should be a widespread evolutionary force driving both intersexual coevolutionary arms races and speciation.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We combined Bayesian phylogenetics, complete taxon sampling and a multi-gene approach to test the arms race scenario on a robust diving beetle phylogeny. As predicted, suction cups in males and modified dorsal surfaces in females showed a pronounced coevolutionary pattern. The female dorsal modifications impair the attachment ability of male suction cups, but each antagonistic novelty in females corresponds to counter-differentiation of suction cups in males.
CONCLUSIONS
A recently diverged sibling species pair in Japan is possibly one consequence of this arms race and we suggest that future studies on hypoxia might reveal the key to the extraordinary selection for female counter-adaptations in diving beetles.
背景
达尔文用潜水甲虫的雄性和雌性形态来阐述他的性选择理论，但他一直保持着对它们相互作用的合作观点。目前的理论表明，性冲突应该是一种广泛存在的进化力量，推动两性间的协同进化军备竞赛和物种形成。
方法/主要发现：我们结合贝叶斯系统发育学、完整的分类群采样和多基因方法，在一个强大的潜水甲虫系统发育树上测试了军备竞赛的情景。正如预测的那样，雄性的吸盘和雌性的改良背表面显示出明显的协同进化模式。雌性背部的改造削弱了雄性吸盘的附着能力，但雌性的每一个对抗性新颖性都对应着雄性吸盘的反向分化。
结论
日本一对最近分化的姊妹种可能是这种军备竞赛的结果之一，我们建议未来对缺氧的研究可能会揭示潜水甲虫中雌性反向适应的非凡选择的关键。
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