Carr D W, Newell A E Hanlon
Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University and Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Mail Code R&D 8, 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
Soc Reprod Fertil Suppl. 2007;63:135-41.
Cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) is a signalling molecule involved in the regulation of many physiological functions including those of cilia and flagella. PKA localizes to specific cellular structures and organelles by binding to AKAP (A-kinase anchoring protein) molecules via interaction with the regulatory subunits (RI and RII) of PKA. AKAPs are capable of forming multi-protein complexes to coordinate the action of several signalling molecules all at a single location. AKAPs also bind to a group of four proteins that share the RII dimerization/docking (R2D2) domain. R2D2 proteins are expressed at high levels in both the testis and spermatozoa and mutants lacking R2D2 proteins exhibit abnormal sperm motility. Thus AKAPs and AKAP associated proteins appear to be key molecules in the biochemical machinery regulating the functions of flagella and cilia.
环磷酸腺苷（cAMP）依赖性蛋白激酶（PKA）是一种信号分子，参与包括纤毛和鞭毛功能在内的多种生理功能的调节。PKA通过与PKA的调节亚基（RI和RII）相互作用，与A激酶锚定蛋白（AKAP）分子结合，从而定位于特定的细胞结构和细胞器。AKAP能够形成多蛋白复合物，在单一位置协调几种信号分子的作用。AKAP还与一组共享RII二聚化/对接（R2D2）结构域的四种蛋白质结合。R2D2蛋白在睾丸和精子中均高表达，缺乏R2D2蛋白的突变体表现出异常的精子活力。因此，AKAP和与AKAP相关的蛋白似乎是调节鞭毛和纤毛功能的生化机制中的关键分子。
