Trujillo Keith A, Zamora Juan J, Warmoth Kathleen P
Department of Psychology and Office for Biomedical Research and Training, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, California 92096, USA.
Biol Psychiatry. 2008 Jan 15;63(2):178-83. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.02.014. Epub 2007 Jun 13.
Ketamine has been used for many years as a dissociative anesthetic; however, there is evidence of increasing abuse, especially at dance clubs and raves. In addition, there is increasing interest in the use of subanesthetic doses of ketamine for the treatment of pain and depression, as well as for clinical research on schizophrenia. Despite growing use, relatively little is known about the consequences of repeated administration of low doses of ketamine.
To determine the changes in response to repeated administration, ketamine (20 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg intraperitoneal [IP]) was administered once weekly to laboratory rats and the locomotor response was assessed following each injection.
Repeated administration of ketamine led to an escalation in the stimulant effects of the drug, characteristic of behavioral sensitization. The development of sensitization was greater when ketamine was repeatedly administered in the presence of distinct environmental cues.
Intermittent administration of ketamine at weekly intervals leads to the development of locomotor sensitization. These results suggest caution in the repeated use of ketamine for recreational or clinical purposes.
氯胺酮作为一种分离麻醉剂已使用多年；然而，有证据表明其滥用现象日益增多，尤其是在舞蹈俱乐部和狂欢活动中。此外，人们越来越关注使用亚麻醉剂量的氯胺酮来治疗疼痛和抑郁症，以及用于精神分裂症的临床研究。尽管氯胺酮的使用越来越广泛，但对于低剂量氯胺酮重复给药的后果却知之甚少。
为了确定重复给药后的反应变化，每周一次给实验大鼠腹腔注射（IP）氯胺酮（20毫克/千克或50毫克/千克），并在每次注射后评估其运动反应。
氯胺酮重复给药导致药物的兴奋作用增强，这是行为敏化的特征。当在不同的环境线索存在下重复给予氯胺酮时，敏化的发展更为明显。
每周间歇性给予氯胺酮会导致运动敏化。这些结果表明，在将氯胺酮用于娱乐或临床目的时应谨慎重复使用。
