Gil Luiz Herman Soares, Tada Mauro Shugiro, Katsuragawa Tony Hiroshi, Ribolla Paulo Eduardo Martins, da Silva Luiz Hildebrando Pereira
Instituto de Pesquisa em Patologias Tropicais, Porto Velho, RO, Brasil.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2007 Jun;102(3):271-6. doi: 10.1590/s0074-02762007005000013.
Longitudinal entomological surveys were performed in Vila Candelária and adjacent rural locality of Bate Estaca concomitantly with a clinical epidemiologic malaria survey. Vila Candelária is a riverside periurban neighborhood of Porto Velho, capital of the state of Rondônia in the Brazilian Amazon. High anopheline densities were found accompanying the peak of rainfall, as reported in rural areas of the region. Moreover, several minor peaks of anophelines were recorded between the end of the dry season and the beginning of the next rainy season. These secondary peaks were related to permanent anopheline breeding sites resulting from human activities. Malaria transmission is, therefore, observed all over the year. In Vila Candelária, the risk of malaria infection both indoors and outdoors was calculated as being 2 and 10/infecting bites per year per inhabitant respectively. Urban malaria in riverside areas was associated with two factors: (1) high prevalence of asymptomatic carriers in a stable human population and (2) high anopheline densities related to human environmental changes. This association is probably found in other Amazonian urban and suburban communities. The implementation of control measures should include environmental sanitation and better characterization of the role of asymptomatic carriers in malaria transmission.
在坎德拉里亚镇及其邻近的巴泰埃斯塔卡农村地区开展了纵向昆虫学调查，同时进行了疟疾临床流行病学调查。坎德拉里亚镇是巴西亚马逊地区朗多尼亚州首府波多韦柳市的一个滨河城郊社区。正如该地区农村地区所报告的那样，随着降雨高峰的出现，发现按蚊密度很高。此外，在旱季结束至下一个雨季开始之间记录到了几个按蚊密度小高峰。这些次要高峰与人类活动导致的永久性按蚊繁殖地有关。因此，全年都能观察到疟疾传播。在坎德拉里亚镇，室内和室外感染疟疾的风险分别计算为每年每居民2次和10次感染性叮咬。滨河地区的城市疟疾与两个因素有关：（1）在稳定的人群中无症状携带者的高流行率；（2）与人类环境变化相关的高按蚊密度。这种关联可能在其他亚马逊城市和郊区社区也能发现。控制措施的实施应包括环境卫生以及更好地确定无症状携带者在疟疾传播中的作用。
