Sharp Hadley J, Wansley Elizabeth K, Garnett Charlie T, Chakraborty Mala, Camphausen Kevin, Schlom Jeffrey, Hodge James W
Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20879, USA.
Front Biosci. 2007 Sep 1;12:4900-10. doi: 10.2741/2436.
Since its discovery more than a hundred years ago, radiation has been used to treat cancer. In recent decades, advances in radiation technology have expanded the role and value of radiation in imaging and treating many forms of cancer. Currently, there is a growing interest in combining radiation with other modalities, such as immunotherapy, to treat a broad range of malignancies. This article reviews the use of standard and novel combinations of radiation therapy and immunotherapy to eradicate tumor cells. The combination of radiation therapy and immunotherapy holds particular promise as a strategy for cancer therapeutics for a variety of reasons. First, there is evidence that immunotherapy is most beneficial when employed early in the disease process and in combination with standard therapies. In addition, radiation may act synergistically with immunotherapy to enhance immune responses, inhibit immunosuppression, and/or alter the phenotype of tumor cells, thus rendering them more susceptible to immune-mediated killing. Finally, as monotherapies, both immunotherapy and radiation may be insufficient to eliminate tumor masses. However, following immunization with a cancer vaccine, the destruction of even a small percentage of tumor cells by radiation could result in cross-priming and presentation of tumor antigens to the immune system, thereby potentiating antitumor responses.
自一百多年前被发现以来，辐射一直被用于治疗癌症。近几十年来，辐射技术的进步扩大了辐射在多种癌症成像和治疗中的作用及价值。目前，人们越来越关注将辐射与其他治疗方式（如免疫疗法）相结合，以治疗多种恶性肿瘤。本文综述了放疗与免疫疗法的标准及新型联合应用，以根除肿瘤细胞。放疗与免疫疗法的联合作为一种癌症治疗策略具有特殊前景，原因有多种。首先，有证据表明免疫疗法在疾病进程早期与标准疗法联合使用时最为有益。此外，辐射可能与免疫疗法协同作用，增强免疫反应、抑制免疫抑制和/或改变肿瘤细胞表型，从而使其更易受到免疫介导的杀伤。最后，作为单一疗法，免疫疗法和放疗可能都不足以消除肿瘤肿块。然而，在用癌症疫苗进行免疫后，辐射即使仅破坏一小部分肿瘤细胞，也可能导致肿瘤抗原的交叉启动并呈递给免疫系统，从而增强抗肿瘤反应。
