Blix Hege Salvesen, Røed Jenny, Sti May Oddrun
Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Scand J Infect Dis. 2007;39(6-7):536-41. doi: 10.1080/00365540601113701.
A cross-sectional descriptive study among Norwegian nursing homes was conducted in 2003 to examine pharmacoepidemiological characteristics of antibacterials in nursing homes and also to estimate their share of overall antibacterial use in Norway. Antibacterial data were collected for ATC group J01 antibacterials for systemic use, A07AA09 vancomycin and P01AB01 metronidazole in DDDs/y. The amount of drugs principally prescribed for urinary tract infections (UTI) were depicted and used as an indicator for the treatment frequency for UTI in the nursing homes. Prescription of antibacterials in the 133 nursing homes that delivered data varied - from 4 to 44 DDD/100 bed-d. The urinary prophylactic agent, methenamine, represented nearly half of DDDs used, mean 7.3 DDD/100 bed-d. Penicillins with extended spectrum (J01CA) were most frequently used, followed by trimethoprim and sulfonamides (J01E), mean 2.3 and 1.5 DDD/100 bed-d, respectively. On average, 49% of the therapeutic antibacterials were drugs used for UTI, range 12%-88%. In 2003, the nursing home setting purchased an estimated 6% of human antibacterial use in Norway. Nursing homes represent an important share of national human use of antibacterials. The large variation in antibacterial use between facilities underlines the need for increased focus on rational prescribing in nursing homes.
2003年在挪威养老院开展了一项横断面描述性研究，以调查养老院抗菌药物的药物流行病学特征，并估算其在挪威抗菌药物总使用量中所占的份额。收集了2003年按解剖学治疗学化学（ATC）分类系统使用的J01组抗菌药物、A07AA09万古霉素和P01AB01甲硝唑的每日限定剂量（DDD）数据。描述了主要用于治疗尿路感染（UTI）的药物数量，并将其作为养老院UTI治疗频率的指标。提供数据的133家养老院的抗菌药物处方量各不相同，为4至44 DDD/100床日。尿路预防剂乌洛托品占使用的DDD的近一半，平均为7.3 DDD/100床日。广谱青霉素（J01CA）使用最为频繁，其次是甲氧苄啶和磺胺类药物（J01E），平均分别为2.3和1.5 DDD/100床日。平均而言，49%的治疗用抗菌药物是用于UTI的药物，范围为12%至88%。2003年，养老院环境购买的抗菌药物估计占挪威人类抗菌药物使用量的6%。养老院在全国人类抗菌药物使用中占重要份额。各机构之间抗菌药物使用的巨大差异凸显了加强对养老院合理用药关注的必要性。
