Review on electron microscopy in taxonomy and biology of parasitic Nemathelminthes.

Electron microscopy (EM) proved a very helpful means that solved a lot of information in different scientific aspects. EM is a very good tool in the hospitals and research centers. It was aimed to pile up available information on the biology in the descriptive morphology of nematodes and their immature stages by scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy. Watson (1965a, b) studied Euchromadora vulgaris and Ascaris sp. by using TEM respectively. Lee (1969) investigated the ultra-structure of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis by SEM & TEM, as well as some nematodes by TEM (Lee, 1972). The topography of the adult Baylisascaris procyonis caudal end was illustrated by Snyder (1989). Male tail relatively long, smoothly attenuated, with a small button-like or mucronate termination. Pre-anal papillae situated ventrally in 2 slightly divergent and somewhat irregularly spaced rows. Anterior and posterior to anus 2 slightly raised roughened patches consisting of several rows of small spines. Just anterior to anus along outer margin of pre-anal roughened patch, a large double medio-ventral papilla. Five pairs of post-anal papillae with first pair just posterior to anus doubled and 4 pairs more closely associated in a group near tail end. Second pair with doubled papillae; but, in a few specimens fused as if 2 single closely associated papillae. Three pair single. Fourth pair of caudal papillae phasmids and in centers of each a ringed pore-like opening. Male spicules with a highly sculptured surface with a pincher-like terminal end.