McGillicuddy-De Lisi Ann V, De Lisi Richard, Van Gulik Kate
Psychology Department, Lafayette College, Easton, PA 18046, USA.
J Adolesc. 2008 Feb;31(1):107-24. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2007.05.003. Epub 2007 Jun 20.
This study investigated ninth and twelfth grade students' (N=640) distributive justice reasoning. Participants read stories presenting characters that varied in personal characteristics (popularity, productivity, need, and appearance), family type (biologically related/stepsiblings), and context (work/education). Adolescents allocated rewards to story characters, provided rationales for allocations, and judged the fairness of allocation patterns representing different justice principles. Older adolescents were more likely to favor equity and benevolence principles than younger adolescents on all three measures. Older adolescents, especially female students, also took kinship and contextual factors into account more often than younger adolescents. Male students tended to favor equity across conditions; female students' views of fairness showed greater nuance, varying to a greater degree with relationship and contextual factors. Findings suggest distributive justice reasoning continues to develop through late adolescence, probably due to age-related cognitive and socialization factors and experiences. Further, findings suggest that gender differences in adult justice reasoning arise in adolescence.
本研究调查了九年级和十二年级学生（N = 640）的分配正义推理。参与者阅读了一些故事，故事中的人物在个人特征（受欢迎程度、生产力、需求和外貌）、家庭类型（亲生/继兄弟姐妹）和背景（工作/教育）方面存在差异。青少年为故事人物分配奖励，为分配提供理由，并判断代表不同正义原则的分配模式的公平性。在所有三项测量中，年龄较大的青少年比年龄较小的青少年更倾向于公平和仁爱原则。年龄较大的青少年，尤其是女学生，也比年龄较小的青少年更频繁地考虑亲属关系和背景因素。男学生在各种情况下都倾向于公平；女学生对公平的看法表现出更大的细微差别，在更大程度上随关系和背景因素而变化。研究结果表明，分配正义推理在青春期后期仍在继续发展，这可能是由于与年龄相关的认知、社会化因素和经历所致。此外，研究结果表明，成人正义推理中的性别差异在青春期就已出现。
