Smith I E, Coles C D
Georgia Addiction, Pregnancy and Parenting Project, Georgia Mental Health Institute, Atlanta.
Recent Dev Alcohol. 1991;9:165-80.
The deleterious effects of prenatal alcohol exposure have been the subject of numerous research studies since first recognized in the early 1970s. The results of these studies have indicated that the dose and patterning of maternal alcohol consumption, use of other drugs, as well as other social and environmental factors may mediate developmental outcomes in prenatally alcohol-exposed children. Although there are still many unanswered questions regarding etiology, there is a clearly identified need for effective prevention/intervention programs for alcohol-abusing women of childbearing age. Such programs must address the multiple factors that may exacerbate alcohol's teratogenic effects. The prevention of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and other alcohol-related birth defects (ARBD) can only be accomplished through multilevel, multisystem intervention strategies, including community education, therapeutic interventions with the alcohol-abusing mother, parenting education, and early identification and intervention with the alcohol-affected child. A review on the etiology of FAS and ARBD is presented with recommended strategies for prevention/intervention.
自20世纪70年代初首次被认识以来，产前酒精暴露的有害影响一直是众多研究的主题。这些研究结果表明，母亲饮酒的剂量和模式、其他药物的使用以及其他社会和环境因素可能会影响产前酒精暴露儿童的发育结果。尽管关于病因仍有许多未解决的问题，但显然需要为育龄酗酒妇女制定有效的预防/干预计划。此类计划必须解决可能加剧酒精致畸作用的多种因素。预防胎儿酒精综合征（FAS）和其他与酒精相关的出生缺陷（ARBD）只能通过多层次、多系统的干预策略来实现，包括社区教育、对酗酒母亲的治疗干预、育儿教育以及对受酒精影响儿童的早期识别和干预。本文综述了FAS和ARBD的病因，并提出了预防/干预的推荐策略。
