天山地区对高海拔环境的适应性：印度人和吉尔吉斯人的比较研究。

Basu Chandan K, Banerjee Pratul K, Selvamurthy William, Sarybaev Akpay, Mirrakhimov Mirsaid M

Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Timarpur, Delhi, India.

Wilderness Environ Med. 2007 Summer;18(2):106-10. doi: 10.1580/06-WEME-OR-025R1.1.

OBJECTIVE

To study the changes in pulmonary function of human male volunteers from 2 different populations: Indians and Kyrgyzis before and after ascent to 3,200 m and during a 4-week stay at that altitude.

METHODS

Ten healthy soldiers of the Indian army (22-25 years of age) and 10 Kyrgyzis recruits (19-20 years of age), height and weight matched, were volunteers in this study. Their pulmonary functions were evaluated at baseline (Bishkek, 760 m); on days 2, 13, and 25 at a mountain clinic at Tuya Ashuu pass (3,200 m) in the northern Tien Shan Range; and on return to Bishkek. A dry spirometer was used to measure lung function at each location.

RESULTS

Results indicated that Kyrgyzis had significantly larger forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)) than those of the Indians, but their peak expiratory flow rate (PEF), forced expiratory flow rate at 25% to 75% of FVC (FEF(25-75%)), and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) measures were comparable. At high altitude (HA), FVC showed significant reduction on day 2, with subsequent recovery in the Kyrgyzis; but in the Indians, FVC showed gradual reduction, and on day 25, it was significantly reduced compared with the baseline value. FEV(1) did not show any change with altitude in either group. Expiratory flow rates and MVV showed significantly higher values at HA in both groups. However, after air density correction for the 2 altitudes, PEF and MVV showed no changes from their baseline values, and the mid-expiratory flow rate (FEF(25-75%)) was actually reduced in both groups: on day 2 in the Kyrgyzis and on day 25 in the Indians. On day 2 of return from a 4-week stay at HA, all test measures were back to their baseline values.

CONCLUSIONS

The major difference between the 2 populations was larger lung volumes in the Kyrgyzis compared with the Indians, with no differences seen in their flow rate measures. Also, there was a different time schedule of altitude-induced reductions in FVC and FEF(25-75%).

目的

研究来自两个不同人群（印度人和吉尔吉斯人）的男性志愿者在海拔3200米上升前后以及在该海拔停留4周期间的肺功能变化。

方法

本研究的志愿者为10名印度军队健康士兵（22 - 25岁）和10名吉尔吉斯新兵（19 - 20岁），身高和体重匹配。在基线时（比什凯克，海拔760米）、在天山山脉北部图亚阿舒山口的山地诊所（海拔3200米）的第2天、第13天和第25天以及返回比什凯克时对他们的肺功能进行评估。在每个地点使用干式肺活量计测量肺功能。

结果

结果表明，吉尔吉斯人的用力肺活量（FVC）和1秒用力呼气容积（FEV₁）显著大于印度人，但他们的呼气峰值流速（PEF）、FVC的25%至75%时的用力呼气流速（FEF₂₅₋₇₅%）和最大自主通气量（MVV）测量值相当。在高海拔（HA）时，吉尔吉斯人的FVC在第2天显著降低，随后恢复；但在印度人中，FVC呈逐渐降低趋势，在第25天与基线值相比显著降低。两组的FEV₁在海拔变化时均未显示任何变化。两组在高海拔时的呼气流速和MVV值均显著更高。然而，对两个海拔进行空气密度校正后，PEF和MVV与基线值相比无变化，两组的呼气中期流速（FEF₂₅₋₇₅%）实际上均降低：吉尔吉斯人在第2天，印度人在第25天。在高海拔停留4周返回后的第2天，所有测试指标均恢复到基线值。