Hergan K, Amann T, Oser W
Zentrales Röntgeninstitut LKH Feldkirch.
Ultraschall Med. 1991 Oct;12(5):236-43. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1005936.
The axilla represents a region of special interest for small-part sonography. It is easy to demonstrate musculocutaneous, osseous, neurovascular and lymphatic structures. Especially in the presence of breast malignomas with lymphatic drainage to the axillary region sonography of the axillary lymphatic tracts and nodes is essential. The examination is performed with a linear 7.5 MHz transducer with the patient in supine position and the arm hyperabducted. The transducer is directed in transversal and sagittal planes and along the axillary vessels. It is of importance to know exactly the complex topographic anatomy of the axilla. The very dominant pectoral muscles serve as guiding structures. In their vicinity one can find some important groups of lymph nodes. The last station of axillary lymph nodes is the apical group situated along the axillary neurovascular bundle. With their typical echo, the head of the humerus and the coracoid-process facilitate the orientation. Ultrasound is now generally available and should always be used as a secondary method of examination, it breast malignomas are present or suspected in mammogramms, since it supplies important clinical information.
腋窝是小部位超声检查中一个特别值得关注的区域。在此部位很容易显示肌皮、骨骼、神经血管和淋巴结构。特别是在存在向腋窝区域进行淋巴引流的乳腺恶性肿瘤时，腋窝淋巴管和淋巴结的超声检查至关重要。检查时，患者仰卧，手臂过度外展，使用7.5MHz线性探头。探头在横向和矢状平面以及沿腋窝血管方向进行扫查。准确了解腋窝复杂的局部解剖结构非常重要。非常突出的胸肌是引导结构。在其附近可以找到一些重要的淋巴结群。腋窝淋巴结的最后一站是沿腋窝神经血管束排列的尖群。肱骨头和喙突具有典型的回声，有助于定位。超声现在普遍可用，并且在乳房X线摄影中存在或怀疑有乳腺恶性肿瘤时，应始终将其用作辅助检查方法，因为它能提供重要的临床信息。
