Knibbe M E, Maeckelberghe E L M, Verkerk M A
University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Expertisecentre Ethics of Care, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Med Health Care Philos. 2007 Dec;10(4):433-40. doi: 10.1007/s11019-007-9075-1. Epub 2007 Jun 27.
Parents' perception of having no choice and strong emotions like fear about the prospect of living liver donation can lead professionals to question the voluntariness of their decision. We discuss the relation of these experiences (no choice and emotions), as they are communicated by parents in our study, to the requirement of voluntariness. The perceived lack of choice, and emotions are two themes we found in the interviews conducted within the "Living Related Donation; a Qualitative-Ethical Study" research program. As a framework for the interpretation of these themes we discuss views of moral agency. We adopt a view in which relations are seen as constitutive of moral agency. Judging from this view, the perceived lack of choice can best be understood as a sign of commitment. We argue in this article that neither seeing no choice, nor emotions in themselves should be seen as compromises of a voluntary consent. However both experiences draw attention to aspects that are important to come to an evaluation of consent to donation. We discuss the story of one mother as an exemplary case to show how both themes can intertwine.
父母认为没有选择余地，以及对活体肝捐赠前景怀有恐惧等强烈情绪，可能会让专业人士质疑他们决定的自愿性。我们探讨在我们的研究中父母所表达的这些经历（没有选择和情绪）与自愿性要求之间的关系。感知到的别无选择和情绪是我们在“活体亲属捐赠：一项定性伦理研究”项目所进行的访谈中发现的两个主题。作为解释这些主题的一个框架，我们讨论道德能动性的观点。我们采用一种将关系视为构成道德能动性的观点。从这个观点来看，感知到的别无选择最好被理解为一种承诺的标志。我们在本文中认为，既不能将别无选择本身，也不能将情绪本身视为对自愿同意的损害。然而，这两种经历都凸显了在评估捐赠同意时重要的方面。我们讲述一位母亲的故事作为典型案例，以展示这两个主题是如何相互交织的。
