Hikim A P, Hikim I S, Amador A G, Bartke A, Woolf A, Russell L D
Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Southern Illinois University, School of Medicine 62901.
Am J Anat. 1991 Oct;192(2):194-213. doi: 10.1002/aja.1001920208.
The present study was undertaken (1) to document structural and functional changes in the testes of seasonally breeding woodchuck during active and inactive states of spermatogenesis and (2) to evaluate the ability of exogenous gonadotropins to reinitiate spermatogenesis outside the breeding season. During seasonal gonadal inactivity, there were significant (P less than 0.05) reductions in volumes of several testicular features (testis, seminiferous tubules, tubular lumen, interstitial tissue, individual Leydig cells, Leydig cell nuclei, and Leydig cell cytoplasm) as compared with gonadally active animals. The diameter of the seminiferous tubules was decreased by 26%, and Leydig cell numbers also declined in the regressed testes. These changes were accompanied by a decline in testosterone (T) levels in both plasma and testis, and reduction in epithelial height of accessory reproductive organs. A hormonal regimen was developed that would reinitiate spermatogenesis in captive, sexually quiescent woodchucks. A combination of PMSG and hCG markedly stimulated testicular growth and function and restored spermatogenesis qualitatively. Quantitatively normal spermatogenesis was restored in 2 of 6 treated males. Morphometric analyses revealed substantial increases in seminiferous tubular diameter and in the volume of seminiferous tubules, tubular lumen, total Leydig cells, and individual Leydig cells in the hormone-treated animals. These increased values corresponded to 99, 75, 68, 51, and 200%, respectively, of the values measured in naturally active woodchucks. Leydig cell numbers, however, remained unchanged and approximated only 31% of the number found in naturally active testes. Hormonal stimulation also resulted in a significant rise in serum T as well as in the total content of testicular T, and a marked increase in epithelial height in various accessory reproductive glands. The most effective hormonal protocol for stimulating spermatogenesis was treatment with 12.5 IU of PMSG twice a week for 4 weeks followed by 12.5 IU of PMSG + 25 IU of hCG twice a week for 4 weeks.
（1）记录季节性繁殖的土拨鼠在精子发生活跃期和静止期睾丸的结构和功能变化；（2）评估外源性促性腺激素在繁殖季节外重新启动精子发生的能力。在季节性性腺静止期，与性腺活跃的动物相比，几种睾丸特征（睾丸、生精小管、管腔、间质组织、单个莱迪希细胞、莱迪希细胞核和莱迪希细胞胞质）的体积显著减小（P<0.05）。生精小管直径减小了26%，退化睾丸中的莱迪希细胞数量也减少。这些变化伴随着血浆和睾丸中睾酮（T）水平的下降，以及附属生殖器官上皮高度的降低。制定了一种激素方案，可使圈养的、性静止的土拨鼠重新启动精子发生。孕马血清促性腺激素（PMSG）和人绒毛膜促性腺激素（hCG）的组合显著刺激睾丸生长和功能，并在质量上恢复精子发生。6只接受治疗的雄性中有2只恢复了定量正常的精子发生。形态计量学分析显示，激素处理动物的生精小管直径、生精小管体积、管腔、总莱迪希细胞和单个莱迪希细胞体积大幅增加。这些增加的值分别相当于自然活跃土拨鼠测量值的99%、75%、68%、51%和200%。然而，莱迪希细胞数量保持不变，仅约为自然活跃睾丸中发现数量的31%。激素刺激还导致血清T以及睾丸T总含量显著升高，各种附属生殖腺上皮高度显著增加。刺激精子发生最有效的激素方案是每周两次注射12.5IU PMSG，共4周，随后每周两次注射12.5IU PMSG + 25IU hCG，共4周。
