Maffei Massimo E, Mithöfer Axel, Boland Wilhelm
Department of Plant Biology and Centre of Excellence CEBIOVEM, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
Trends Plant Sci. 2007 Jul;12(7):310-6. doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2007.06.001. Epub 2007 Jun 26.
Successful defense depends on the ability of the plant to recognize an attacking 'enemy' as early as possible. Early defense responses require enemy-initiated signaling cascades. Their activation ensures an induced response that is quantitative, timely and coordinated with other activities of the host cells. Damage-induced ion imbalances and modulations of channel activities are the first events occurring in the plasma membrane and result in rapid perturbations of the plasma membrane potential (V(m)) involving variations of cytosolic Ca(2+) concentrations. Interacting downstream networks of kinases and phytohormones mediate the signal and result in concerted gene activation. Here we review and discuss early events occurring before herbivore attack-related gene expression that are responsible for cascades of events and signal transductions, eventually leading to indirect and direct plant responses.
成功的防御取决于植物尽早识别攻击“敌人”的能力。早期防御反应需要由敌人引发的信号级联反应。这些反应的激活确保了诱导反应是定量的、及时的，并与宿主细胞的其他活动相协调。损伤诱导的离子失衡和通道活性的调节是质膜中发生的首要事件，会导致质膜电位（V(m)）的快速扰动，包括胞质Ca(2+)浓度的变化。激酶和植物激素相互作用的下游网络介导信号，并导致协同的基因激活。在这里，我们回顾并讨论在食草动物攻击相关基因表达之前发生的早期事件，这些事件负责一系列事件和信号转导，最终导致植物的间接和直接反应。
