Tachezy Ruth, Rob Lukás
Department of Experimental Virology, National Reference Laboratory for Papillomaviruses, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic.
Coll Antropol. 2007 Apr;31 Suppl 2:27-9.
Cytological diagnosis of atypical cells of cervix uteri by the Papanicolaou method was introduced in the Czech Republic (CR) very early - in 1947. The first data on the incidence of cervical cancer in CR are available from 1960 when the rate was 32.3 cases/10(5) women. In 1966 the Czech National Health Law was passed that guaranteed women a yearly preventive examination by a gynaecologist including screening for cervical carcinoma that would be covered by the compulsory health insurance. Notwithstanding high frequency of screening visits and the fact that all women are eligible, the incidence of CC has not changed in the last 34 years. The reasons for this include the coverage of Czech women, which is estimated to be low (50% at the most), and that none of the cytology laboratories are accredited for screening, there are no national registries for any aspect of screening and there are no mechanisms for evaluation of the screening process. As a result, it is likely that the majority of cervical screening activity that is undertaken is ineffective and the implementation of an organised and quality controlled screening programme, in compliance with the recommendations of many European Institutions, is urgently required to ensure that Czech women are properly protected against this disease and that scarce healthcare resources are used in the most cost-effective manner.
巴氏涂片法对子宫颈非典型细胞进行细胞学诊断早在1947年就已引入捷克共和国（CR）。CR关于宫颈癌发病率的首批数据可追溯到1960年，当时发病率为32.3例/10⁵名女性。1966年通过了捷克国家卫生法，该法保障女性每年接受妇科医生的预防性检查，包括宫颈癌筛查，费用由强制健康保险支付。尽管筛查就诊频率很高，而且所有女性都有资格接受筛查，但在过去34年里宫颈癌的发病率并未改变。原因包括据估计捷克女性的筛查覆盖率较低（最多50%），而且没有任何细胞学实验室获得筛查认证，没有关于筛查任何方面的国家登记系统，也没有评估筛查过程的机制。因此，很可能大多数进行的子宫颈筛查活动是无效的，迫切需要按照许多欧洲机构的建议实施有组织且质量可控的筛查计划，以确保捷克女性得到适当的疾病防护，并以最具成本效益的方式使用稀缺的医疗资源。
