Hansen Lise Stengård
University of Aarhus, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of IPM, Danish Pest Infestation Laboratory, Skovbrynet 14, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
J Econ Entomol. 2007 Jun;100(3):1011-6. doi: 10.1603/0022-0493(2007)100[1011:bpoldh]2.0.co;2.
Lariophagus distinguendus Forster (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) has been suggested as a biological control agent against the granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius (L.), in grain stores. Information on the effect of low temperatures prevailing in grain stores is necessary to be able to predict the potential of this parasitoid against S. granarius in temperate regions, where grain is cooled with ambient air to achieve safe storage conditions. The influence of constant temperatures of 16, 18, and 20 degrees C on life table parameters and parasitoid-induced mortality (PIM) was investigated in the laboratory. L. distinguendus is able to develop and reproduce at temperatures as low as 16 degrees C. The intrinsic rate of natural increase, rm, was 0.0182, 0.0222, and 0.0792 d(-1) at 16, 18, and 20 degrees C, respectively. The proportion of hosts killed due to parasitoid-induced mortality was highest at 20 degrees C. At this temperature, it amounted to 70% of the total mortality exerted by the parasitoid; at 18 and 16'C, it was 57 and 42% of the total, respectively. L. distinguendus is a promising biocontrol agent for grain stores in temperate regions because it is able to develop and reproduce at temperatures down to 16 degrees C; its development is quicker than that of its host, estimated from the literature; and it kills many hosts in addition to those used for reproduction.
有人提出，斯氏啮小蜂（膜翅目：金小蜂科）可作为谷仓中谷象（Sitophilus granarius (L.)）的生物防治剂。为了能够预测这种寄生蜂在温带地区对谷象的防治潜力，了解谷仓中普遍存在的低温影响是很有必要的，在温带地区，谷物通过与周围空气接触冷却以实现安全储存条件。在实验室中研究了16、18和20摄氏度的恒温对生命表参数和寄生蜂诱导死亡率（PIM）的影响。斯氏啮小蜂能够在低至16摄氏度的温度下发育和繁殖。在16、18和20摄氏度时，自然增长的内禀增长率rm分别为0.0182、0.0222和0.0792 d⁻¹。由寄生蜂诱导死亡率导致的寄主死亡比例在20摄氏度时最高。在此温度下，它占寄生蜂造成的总死亡率的70%；在18和16摄氏度时，分别占总数的57%和42%。斯氏啮小蜂是温带地区谷仓中一种很有前景的生物防治剂，因为它能够在低至16摄氏度的温度下发育和繁殖；根据文献估计，其发育速度比寄主快；并且除了用于繁殖的寄主外，它还能杀死许多寄主。
