Steptoe Andrew, O'Donnell Katie, Marmot Michael, Wardle Jane
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK.
Br J Psychol. 2008 May;99(Pt 2):211-27. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8295.2008.tb00474.x. Epub 2007 Jun 27.
Positive affect is associated with longevity and favourable physiological function. We tested the hypothesis that positive affect is related to health-protective psychosocial characteristics independently of negative affect and socio-economic status. Both positive and negative affect were measured by aggregating momentary samples collected repeatedly over 1 day, and health-related psychosocial factors were assessed by questionnaire in a sample of 716 men and women aged 58-72 years. Positive affect was associated with greater social connectedness, emotional and practical support, optimism and adaptive coping responses, and lower depression, independently of age, gender, household income, paid employment, smoking status, and negative affect. Negative affect was independently associated with negative relationships, greater exposure to chronic stress, depressed mood, pessimism, and avoidant coping. Positive affect may be beneficial for health outcomes in part because it is a component of a profile of protective psychosocial characteristics.
积极情绪与长寿和良好的生理功能相关。我们检验了这样一个假设：积极情绪与健康保护性心理社会特征相关，且独立于消极情绪和社会经济地位。积极情绪和消极情绪均通过汇总一天内反复收集的即时样本进行测量，与健康相关的心理社会因素则通过问卷调查在716名年龄在58至72岁的男性和女性样本中进行评估。积极情绪与更强的社会联系、情感和实际支持、乐观主义及适应性应对反应相关，且独立于年龄、性别、家庭收入、有偿工作、吸烟状况和消极情绪，同时与更低的抑郁水平相关。消极情绪则独立与消极人际关系、更多暴露于慢性压力、情绪低落、悲观主义及回避性应对相关。积极情绪可能对健康结果有益，部分原因在于它是保护性心理社会特征概况的一个组成部分。
