Vloeberghs M, Glover A, Benford S, Jones A, Wang P, Becker Adib
Department of Computer Science, Nottinghm University Hospital, Nottingham, UK.
Br J Neurosurg. 2007 Jun;21(3):262-7. doi: 10.1080/02688690701245824.
Virtual reality (VR) simulators have been created for various surgical specialties. The common theme is extensive use of graphics, confined spaces, limited functionality and limited tactile feedback. A development team at the University of Nottingham, UK, consisting of computer scientists, mechanical engineers, graphic designers and a neurosurgeon, set out to develop a haptic, e.g. tactile simulator for neurosurgery making use of boundary elements (BE). The relative homogeneity of the brain, allows boundary elements, e.g. 'surface only' rendering, to simulate the brain structure. A boundary element simplifies the computing equations saves computing time, by assuming the properties of the surface equal the properties of the body. A limited audit was done by neurosurgical users confirming the potential of the simulator as a training tool. This paper focuses on the application of the computational method and refers to the underlying mathematical structure. Full references are included regarding the mathematical methodology.
虚拟现实（VR）模拟器已被应用于各种外科专业领域。其共同特点是大量使用图形、受限空间、有限功能以及有限的触觉反馈。英国诺丁汉大学的一个开发团队，由计算机科学家、机械工程师、平面设计师和一名神经外科医生组成，着手利用边界元（BE）开发一种用于神经外科手术的触觉模拟器。大脑相对的同质性使得边界元，例如“仅表面”渲染，能够模拟大脑结构。边界元通过假设表面属性等同于身体属性，简化了计算方程，节省了计算时间。神经外科用户进行了有限的评估，证实了该模拟器作为培训工具的潜力。本文重点关注计算方法的应用，并提及基础数学结构。文中包含了有关数学方法的完整参考文献。
