Borak Jonathan, Sirianni Greg
Yale University - Epidemiology & Public Health and Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
J Occup Environ Hyg. 2007 Sep;4(9):660-8. doi: 10.1080/15459620701501578.
Considerable interest has focused on levels of exhaust emissions in the cabins of diesel-powered school buses and their possible adverse health effects. Significantly different policy and engineering issues would be raised if compelling evidence found that inc-cabin contamination was due to self-pollution from bus emissions, rather than ambient pollution, neighboring vehicles, and/or re-entrained road dust. We identified 19 reports from 11 studies that measured diesel exhaust particulate in the cabins of 58 school bus of various type. Studies were evaluated in light of their experimental design, their data quality, and their capacity to quantify self-pollution. Only one study had a true experimental design, comparing the same buses with and without emission controls, while four others used intentional tracers to quantify tail pipe and/or crankcase emissions. Although definitive data are still lacking, these studies suggest that currently available control technologies can nearly eliminate particulate self-pollution inside diesel school buses.
柴油动力校车车厢内的废气排放水平及其可能对健康产生的不利影响已引起了广泛关注。如果有确凿证据表明车厢内污染是由巴士排放的自身污染造成的，而非环境污染、相邻车辆和/或再夹带的道路灰尘，那么就会引发截然不同的政策和工程问题。我们从11项研究中找出了19份报告，这些研究测量了58辆不同类型校车车厢内的柴油废气颗粒物。根据实验设计、数据质量以及量化自身污染的能力对这些研究进行了评估。只有一项研究采用了真正的实验设计，比较了有排放控制和无排放控制情况下的同一批巴士，另有四项研究使用了故意示踪剂来量化排气管和/或曲轴箱排放。尽管仍缺乏确凿数据，但这些研究表明，目前可用的控制技术几乎可以消除柴油校车内的颗粒物自身污染。
