Dratva Julia, Zemp Elisabeth, Staedele Patricia, Schindler Christian, Constanza Michael C, Gerbase Margaret, Probst-Hensch Nicole, Rochat Thierry, Ackermann-Liebrich Ursula
Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Basel, Switzerland.
Ann Hum Biol. 2007 Jul-Aug;34(4):437-53. doi: 10.1080/03014460701365821.
Reproductive characteristics play an aetiological role for many diseases, including reproductive cancers. They have been shown to vary internationally and nationally, but have not yet been described for the whole Swiss population.
The study investigated the variability of reproductive characteristics, their patterns, and main determinants across a population-based female study population in Switzerland.
Reproductive characteristics obtained from 3119 women (28-72 years) participating in the SAPALDIA cohort survey in 2001-2003 are described across birth cohorts, study areas, language regions, and levels of urbanization. Determinants of age at menopause were analysed by Cox regression.
Reported median age at menarche was 13 years and median age at natural menopause was 52 years. The prevalence of nulliparity was 27%, and the fertility rate 1.6. Across birth cohorts there was a decline of menarcheal age and fertility rates, and an increase of nulliparity and age at last pregnancy. All characteristics varied across study areas, language regions, and levels of urbanization. Smoking, parity, and physical exercise were stronger predictors of earlier (<52 years) than older (>52 years) menopausal age.
Reproductive events show secular and geographic variation within Switzerland. Smoking, parity and physical activity significantly predict age at natural menopause, particularly before age 52. The secular trend of earlier menarche and increased nulliparity may result in a higher risk of reproductive cancers in younger generations.
生殖特征在包括生殖系统癌症在内的许多疾病的病因学中发挥作用。研究表明，这些特征在国际和国内存在差异，但尚未针对瑞士全体人口进行描述。
本研究调查了瑞士基于人群的女性研究群体中生殖特征的变异性、模式及其主要决定因素。
描述了2001年至2003年参与SAPALDIA队列研究的3119名女性（28至72岁）的生殖特征，涉及出生队列、研究区域、语言区域和城市化水平。通过Cox回归分析绝经年龄的决定因素。
报告的月经初潮中位年龄为13岁，自然绝经中位年龄为52岁。未生育的患病率为27%，生育率为1.6。在不同出生队列中，月经初潮年龄和生育率下降，未生育和末次妊娠年龄增加。所有特征在研究区域、语言区域和城市化水平上均存在差异。吸烟、生育状况和体育锻炼是绝经年龄较早（<52岁）而非较晚（>52岁）的更强预测因素。
瑞士国内生殖事件呈现长期变化和地域差异。吸烟、生育状况和体育活动显著预测自然绝经年龄，尤其是在52岁之前。月经初潮提前和未生育增加的长期趋势可能导致年轻一代患生殖系统癌症的风险更高。
