Mahdi Inas K, Ehiri John E, Ogunnowo Olufemi O, Bayard Budry, Krawcyzk Christopher S, Miller Stephan, Jolly Curtis, Jolly Pauline E
Population Services International, AIDSMark Division, Washington, DC, USA.
AIDS Public Policy J. 2005 Fall-Winter;20(3-4):126-36.
BACKGROUND; AIDS-related stigma is one of the biggest obstacles in the fight to prevent HIV transmission. Since stigma deters people from seeking treatment or getting tested for HIV, determining the factors that underpin AIDS-related stigmatization may be key to finding new ways to improve care and support for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and to reduce new infections.
The town of Lucea and surrounding communities in the parish of Hanover, Jamaica.
Cross-sectional questionnaire survey of 195 individuals from health centers and households in Hanover.
Of the 195 respondents, 28 percent felt the names of HIV-positive people should be public information. We found three constructs (avoidant behavior, social contact stigma, and blame stigma) that underpin stigmatization of PLWHA. The factors that influence avoidance behavior were education and being married. The factors associated with social contact stigma were being married and having no acquaintance with PLWHA. The factor that influenced blame stigma was not owning a home.
Public health campaigns to reduce stigmatization must address individuals on the basis of their socio-demographic characteristics. A critical appraisal of current anti-stigma measures is warranted, and appropriate anti-stigma interventions are needed. Interventions with community members should address the social context of stigma, particularly the arenas of community norms, through education, information, and legislative measures to promote interaction with, and positive attitudes toward, PLWHA.
背景；与艾滋病相关的污名化是预防艾滋病毒传播斗争中的最大障碍之一。由于污名化阻碍人们寻求治疗或进行艾滋病毒检测，确定导致与艾滋病相关污名化的因素可能是找到改善对艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者（PLWHA）护理和支持以及减少新感染的新方法的关键。
牙买加汉诺威教区的卢西亚镇及周边社区。
对汉诺威健康中心和家庭的195人进行横断面问卷调查。
在195名受访者中，28%的人认为艾滋病毒呈阳性者的姓名应属公开信息。我们发现了三种构成要素（回避行为、社会接触污名和指责污名），它们是对艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者污名化的基础。影响回避行为的因素是教育程度和婚姻状况。与社会接触污名相关的因素是婚姻状况以及与艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者不相识。影响指责污名的因素是没有自有住房。
减少污名化的公共卫生运动必须根据个人的社会人口特征来开展。有必要对当前的反污名化措施进行批判性评估，并需要采取适当的反污名化干预措施。对社区成员的干预应通过教育、宣传和立法措施来解决污名化的社会背景问题，特别是社区规范领域的问题，以促进与艾滋病毒/艾滋病感染者的互动并形成对他们的积极态度。
