Williams Anna, Piaton Gabrièle, Lubetzki Catherine
Inserm, U711, Université Pierre and Marie Curie, Faculté de médecine, IFR 70, Paris F-75013, France, and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.
Glia. 2007 Oct;55(13):1300-12. doi: 10.1002/glia.20546.
In multiple sclerosis (MS), the presence of demyelinating plaques has concentrated researchers' minds on the role of the oligodendrocyte in its pathophysiology. Recently, with the rediscovery of early and widespread loss of axons in the disease, new emphasis has been put on the role of axons and axon-oligodendrocyte interactions in MS. Despite the fact that, in 1904, Müller claimed that MS was a disease of astrocytes, more recently, astrocytes have taken a back seat, except as the cells that form the final glial scar after all hope of demyelination is over. However, perhaps it is time for the return of the astrocyte to popularity in the pathogenesis of MS, with recent reports on the dual role of astrocytes in aiding degeneration and demyelination, by promoting inflammation, damage of oligodendrocytes and axons, and glial scarring, but also in creating a permissive environment for remyelination by their action on oligodendrocyte precursor migration, oligodendrocyte proliferation, and differentiation. We review these findings to try to provide a cogent view of astrocytes in the pathology of MS.
在多发性硬化症（MS）中，脱髓鞘斑块的存在使研究人员将注意力集中在少突胶质细胞在其病理生理学中的作用上。最近，随着该疾病早期广泛轴突丢失现象的重新发现，轴突以及轴突与少突胶质细胞相互作用在MS中的作用受到了新的重视。尽管在1904年缪勒就宣称MS是一种星形胶质细胞疾病，但最近，星形胶质细胞已退居次席，除非是在脱髓鞘所有希望破灭后形成最终胶质瘢痕的细胞。然而，鉴于最近有关星形胶质细胞在促进炎症、少突胶质细胞和轴突损伤以及胶质瘢痕形成从而导致变性和脱髓鞘方面的双重作用，同时也在通过对少突胶质细胞前体迁移、少突胶质细胞增殖和分化的作用为髓鞘再生创造有利环境的报道，也许现在是星形胶质细胞在MS发病机制中再度受到关注的时候了。我们回顾这些发现，试图对星形胶质细胞在MS病理学中的作用提供一个有说服力的观点。
