Mook J, Kleijn W C, van der Ploeg H M
Department of Medical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Psychol Rep. 1991 Oct;69(2):551-60. doi: 10.2466/pr0.1991.69.2.551.
Substantially higher mean scores on symptom-negatively versus symptom-positively worded items have consistently been reported in the literature for the balanced State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. In this study we aimed to replicate and extend these findings to Dutch trait versions of the inventory and Zung's similarly balanced Self-rating Depression Scale. Analysis indicated significantly higher mean subscale scores for symptom-negative as opposed to symptom-positive items of both measures, across sexes and age groups as well as across different levels of distress in nonclinical (n = 863), subclinical (n = 450), and clinical subject samples (n = 96). Sex and age differences were mainly confirmed to symptom-positive subscales. Scale intercorrelations were lowest between symptom-positively and symptom-negatively worded scales both within and across measures. Factor analyzing the combined measures identified a symptom-negative and a symptom-positive factor, tentatively labeled "absence of positive affect" and "presence of negative affect." Several explanations of the findings among which item-intensity specificity, the response style of social desirability, and the trait model of positive and negative affectivity are discussed.
在文献中一直有报道，对于平衡态-特质焦虑量表，症状消极措辞项目的平均得分显著高于症状积极措辞项目。在本研究中，我们旨在重复这些发现，并将其扩展至该量表的荷兰特质版本以及宗氏同样平衡的自评抑郁量表。分析表明，在非临床（n = 863）、亚临床（n = 450）和临床受试者样本（n = 96）中，两种量表的症状消极项目的平均分量表得分显著高于症状积极项目，且在不同性别、年龄组以及不同程度的痛苦水平中均如此。性别和年龄差异主要体现在症状积极分量表上。在量表内部以及不同量表之间，症状积极措辞量表和症状消极措辞量表的相互关联性最低。对综合量表进行因子分析，确定了一个症状消极因子和一个症状积极因子，初步标记为“缺乏积极情绪”和“存在消极情绪”。本文讨论了对这些发现的几种解释，其中包括项目强度特异性、社会期望反应风格以及正负情感性的特质模型。
