Burns P B, Swanson G M
College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824-1316.
Cancer Causes Control. 1991 Nov;2(6):371-9. doi: 10.1007/BF00054297.
A case-control study was conducted in the United States to examine the relationship between urinary bladder cancer, usual occupation and industry, and cigarette smoking. A total of 2,160 bladder cancer cases and 3,979 colon and rectum comparison cases, with complete histories of occupation and tobacco use, were included in the analysis. Ever having smoked cigarettes significantly elevated bladder cancer risk (odds ratio = 2.4). A dose-response relationship was demonstrated between bladder cancer and pack-years of smoking, usual number of cigarettes smoked per day, and number of years having smoked. This study observes greater risk of urinary bladder cancer due to cigarette smoking among Black males and females than among White males and females. A significant excess of bladder cancer was found among armed services personnel; this excess was restricted to White males when the analysis was performed separately by race. Black males with 'mechanic' as their usual occupation had a significant sevenfold excess of bladder cancer. The population attributable risks for occupation and smoking were 25 percent and 51 percent, respectively. The results demonstrate the strength of the association between cigarette smoking and bladder cancer and the need to control for smoking in occupational analyses.
在美国进行了一项病例对照研究，以检验膀胱癌、通常职业和行业与吸烟之间的关系。分析纳入了总共2160例膀胱癌病例以及3979例结肠和直肠癌对照病例，这些病例均有完整的职业和烟草使用史。曾经吸烟会显著增加患膀胱癌的风险（比值比=2.4）。膀胱癌与吸烟包年数、每天通常吸烟数量以及吸烟年数之间呈现剂量反应关系。该研究观察到，与白人男性和女性相比，黑人男性和女性因吸烟患膀胱癌的风险更高。在武装部队人员中发现膀胱癌显著超额；按种族分别进行分析时，这种超额仅限于白人男性。通常职业为“机械师”的黑人男性患膀胱癌的风险显著高出七倍。职业和吸烟导致的人群归因风险分别为25%和51%。结果表明了吸烟与膀胱癌之间关联的强度，以及在职业分析中控制吸烟的必要性。
