Schouten Peter W, Parisi Alfio V, Turnbull David J
Department of Biological and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia.
Photochem Photobiol. 2007 Jul-Aug;83(4):931-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00085.x.
Solar ultraviolet radiation (UV) is known to have a significant effect upon the marine ecosystem. This has been documented by many previous studies using a variety of measurement methods in aquatic environments such as oceans, streams and lakes. Evidence gathered from these investigations has shown that UVB radiation (280-320 nm) can negatively affect numerous aquatic life forms, while UVA radiation (320-400 nm) can both damage and possibly even repair certain types of underwater life. Chemical dosimeters such as polysulphone have been tested to record underwater UV exposures and in turn quantify the relationship between water column depth and dissolved organic carbon levels to the distribution of biologically damaging UV underwater. However, these studies have only been able to intercept UV exposures over relatively short time intervals. This paper reports on the evaluation of a high exposure UV dosimeter for underwater use. The UV dosimeter was fabricated from poly 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide (PPO) film. This paper presents the dose response, cosine response, exposure additivity and watermarking effect relating to the PPO dosimeter as measured in a controlled underwater environment and will also detail the overnight dark reaction and UVA and visible radiation response of the PPO dosimeter, which can be used for error correction to improve the reliability of the UV data measured by the PPO dosimeters. These results show that this dosimeter has the potential for long-term underwater UV exposure measurements.
众所周知，太阳紫外线辐射（UV）对海洋生态系统有重大影响。许多先前的研究已通过在海洋、溪流和湖泊等水生环境中使用各种测量方法对此进行了记录。从这些调查中收集的证据表明，UVB辐射（280 - 320纳米）会对众多水生生物产生负面影响，而UVA辐射（320 - 400纳米）既能损害某些类型的水下生物，甚至还可能对其进行修复。诸如聚砜之类的化学剂量计已被测试用于记录水下紫外线暴露情况，进而量化水柱深度和溶解有机碳水平与水下生物有害紫外线分布之间的关系。然而，这些研究仅能在相对较短的时间间隔内截取紫外线暴露情况。本文报道了一种用于水下的高暴露紫外线剂量计的评估情况。该紫外线剂量计由聚2,6 - 二甲基 - 1,4 - 亚苯基氧化物（PPO）薄膜制成。本文介绍了在受控水下环境中测量的与PPO剂量计相关的剂量响应、余弦响应、暴露叠加性和水印效应，还将详细阐述PPO剂量计的过夜暗反应以及UVA和可见光辐射响应，这些可用于误差校正，以提高PPO剂量计测量的紫外线数据的可靠性。这些结果表明，这种剂量计具有进行长期水下紫外线暴露测量的潜力。
