Medrano E G, Esquivel J F, Bell A A
Cotton Pathology Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, College Station, TX 77845, USA.
J Appl Microbiol. 2007 Aug;103(2):436-44. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03262.x.
To determine the ability of the southern green stink bug (SGSB) (Nezara viridula L.) to transmit Pantoea agglomerans into cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) bolls.
An SGSB laboratory colony was kept on fresh green beans. A P. agglomerans variant resistant to rifampicin (Rif) (strain Sc 1-R) was used as the opportunistic cotton pathogen. Adult insects were individually provided green beans that were sterilized and then soaked in either sterile water or in a suspension of strain Sc 1-R. Insects were individually caged with an unopened greenhouse-grown cotton boll. After 2 days, live SGSB were collected, surfaced sterilized, ground, serially diluted, and then plated on nonselective media and media amended with Rif. Exterior and interior evidence of feeding on bolls was recorded 2 weeks after exposure to insects. Seed and lint tissue were harvested, ground, serially diluted, and then plated on media with and without Rif. Bacteria were recovered on nonselective media from all insects, and from seed and lint with signs of insect feeding at concentrations ranging from 10(2) to 10(9) CFU g(-1) tissue. The Sc 1-R strain was isolated only from insects exposed to the marked strain and from seed and lint of respective bolls showing signs of insect feeding. Evidence of insect feeding on the exterior wall of the carpel was not always apparent (47%), whereas feeding was always observed (100%) on the interior wall in association with bacterial infections of seed and lint.
Nezara viridula readily ingested the opportunistic P. agglomerans strain Sc 1-R and transmitted it into unopened cotton bolls. Infections by the transmitted Sc 1-R strain caused rotting of the entire locule that masked internal carpel wounds incurred by insect feeding. Bacteria were recovered from penetration points by insects not exposed to the pathogen, but locule damage was limited to the area surrounding the feeding site (c. 3 mm).
This is the first study that demonstrates the ability of SGSB to acquire and transmit plant pathogenic bacteria into cotton bolls.
确定南方绿蝽（Nezara viridula L.）将成团泛菌传播到棉花（Gossypium hirsutum）棉铃中的能力。
在新鲜绿豆上饲养南方绿蝽实验室种群。使用对利福平（Rif）具有抗性的成团泛菌变种（菌株Sc 1-R）作为机会性棉花病原体。为成年昆虫分别提供经过灭菌处理、然后浸泡在无菌水或菌株Sc 1-R悬浮液中的绿豆。将昆虫分别关在未开放的温室种植棉铃中。2天后，收集存活的南方绿蝽，进行表面消毒、研磨、连续稀释，然后接种到非选择性培养基和添加了利福平的培养基上。在接触昆虫2周后记录棉铃上取食的外部和内部证据。收获种子和棉绒组织，研磨、连续稀释，然后接种到添加和未添加利福平的培养基上。在非选择性培养基上从所有昆虫以及有昆虫取食迹象的种子和棉绒中均分离到细菌，浓度范围为10(2)至10(9) CFU g(-1)组织。仅从接触标记菌株的昆虫以及显示有昆虫取食迹象的相应棉铃的种子和棉绒中分离到Sc 1-R菌株。在子房外壁上昆虫取食的证据并不总是明显（47%），而在内壁上总是观察到取食（100%），同时伴有种子和棉绒的细菌感染。
Nezara viridula很容易摄取机会性成团泛菌菌株Sc 1-R并将其传播到未开放的棉铃中。传播的Sc 1-R菌株感染导致整个子房腐烂，掩盖了昆虫取食造成的内部心皮伤口。从未接触病原体的昆虫的穿刺点也分离到细菌，但子房损伤仅限于取食部位周围区域（约3毫米）。
这是第一项证明南方绿蝽能够获取并将植物病原菌传播到棉铃中的研究。
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