Medrano Enrique G, Bell Alois A, Greene Jeremy K, Roberts Phillip M, Bacheler Jack S, Marois James J, Wright David L, Esquivel Jesus F, Nichols Robert L, Duke Sara
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Cotton Pathology Research Unit, 2765 F&B Rd., College Station, TX 77845.
Clemson University, Department of Entomology, Blackville, SC 29817.
J Econ Entomol. 2015 Aug;108(4):1540-4. doi: 10.1093/jee/tov156. Epub 2015 Jun 11.
In 1999, crop consultants scouting for stink bugs (Hemiptera spp.) in South Carolina discovered a formerly unobserved seed rot of cotton that caused yield losses ranging from 10 to 15% in certain fields. The disease has subsequently been reported in fields throughout the southeastern Cotton Belt. Externally, diseased bolls appeared undamaged; internally, green fruit contain pink to dark brown, damp, deformed lint, and necrotic seeds. In greenhouse experiments, we demonstrated transmission of the opportunistic bacterium Pantoea agglomerans by the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.). Here, green bolls were sampled from stink bug management plots (insecticide protected or nontreated) from four South Atlantic coast states (North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida) to determine disease incidence in the field and its association with piercing-sucking insects feeding. A logistic regression analysis of the boll damage data revealed that disease was 24 times more likely to occur (P = 0.004) in bolls collected from plots in Florida, where evidence of pest pressure was highest, than in bolls harvested in NC with the lowest detected insect pressure. Fruit from plots treated with insecticide, a treatment which reduced transmission agent numbers, were 4 times less likely to be diseased than bolls from unprotected sites (P = 0.002). Overall, punctured bolls were 125 times more likely to also have disease symptoms than nonpunctured bolls, irrespective of whether or not plots were protected with insecticides (P = 0.0001). Much of the damage to cotton bolls that is commonly attributed to stink bug feeding is likely the resulting effect of vectored pathogens.
1999年，作物顾问在南卡罗来纳州巡查椿象（半翅目昆虫）时，发现了一种以前未观察到的棉花种子腐烂病，在某些田块中造成了10%至15%的产量损失。随后，整个东南部棉区的田块都报告了这种病害。从外部看，患病棉铃似乎未受损伤；内部来看，绿色棉铃含有粉红色至深褐色、潮湿、变形的棉绒和坏死的种子。在温室试验中，我们证明了成团泛菌这种机会致病菌可由南方绿椿象（Nezara viridula (L.)）传播。在此，从四个南大西洋沿岸州（北卡罗来纳州、南卡罗来纳州、佐治亚州和佛罗里达州）的椿象防治地块（使用杀虫剂保护或未处理）采集绿色棉铃，以确定田间病害发生率及其与刺吸式昆虫取食的关系。对棉铃损伤数据进行的逻辑回归分析表明，从佛罗里达州地块采集的棉铃发生病害的可能性比在北卡罗来纳州检测到昆虫压力最低的地块收获的棉铃高24倍（P = 0.004），佛罗里达州的害虫压力证据最为明显。用杀虫剂处理过的地块上的棉铃，这种处理减少了传播媒介数量，发病的可能性比未受保护地块的棉铃低4倍（P = 0.002）。总体而言，无论地块是否用杀虫剂保护，有穿孔的棉铃出现病害症状的可能性比未穿孔的棉铃高125倍（P = 0.0001）。通常归因于椿象取食对棉铃造成的许多损害可能是由带菌病原体导致的结果。
