Gao Jun, Ouyang ZhiYun
State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
Sci China C Life Sci. 2007 Aug;50(4):566-72. doi: 10.1007/s11427-007-0070-9.
Reliable information about soil conservation capacities of different natural ecosystems is an important reference for the design of targeted erosion and sediment control strategies. The objective of this paper is to quantify the soil conservation capacities of different natural ecosystems that can represent different climatic zones. The (137)Cs technique has been used to estimate soil redistribution rates in different natural ecosystems over the past 40 years in Wolong Nature Reserve. The reserve, transiting from the Chengdu plain to the Qinghai-Tibet plateau, maintains rich ecosystems from subtropical to frigid. The net soil erosion rates of 5 selected ecosystems that represent a warm coniferous-broadleaf-mixed forest, a cold-resistant deciduous taiga forest, a cold-resistant shrub, an evergreen cold-resistant taiga forest, and an alpine meadow are 0.17, 0.16, 0.13, 0.11 and 0.06 kg x m(-2) x a(-1), respectively. Their soil conservation capacities are reversed in order. The reference inventories for (137)Cs in different ecosystems range from 1658 to 3707 Bq x m(-2) with the altitude. Results of this study indicate that any attempt to develop effective erosion and sediment strategies in areas with similar climates should consider natural ecosystem types.
不同自然生态系统土壤保持能力的可靠信息是制定针对性水土流失控制策略的重要参考。本文的目的是量化不同自然生态系统的土壤保持能力，这些生态系统可代表不同气候带。在过去40年里，卧龙自然保护区运用铯-137（¹³⁷Cs）技术估算不同自然生态系统中的土壤再分配速率。该保护区从成都平原过渡到青藏高原，拥有从亚热带到寒带的丰富生态系统。选取的代表暖性针叶阔叶混交林、耐寒落叶针叶林、耐寒灌木、常绿耐寒针叶林和高山草甸的5个生态系统的土壤净侵蚀速率分别为0.17、0.16、0.13、0.11和0.06 kg·m⁻²·a⁻¹。它们的土壤保持能力顺序相反。不同生态系统中¹³⁷Cs的参考存量随海拔在1658至3707 Bq·m⁻²之间变化。本研究结果表明，在气候相似地区制定有效的水土流失控制策略时，应考虑自然生态系统类型。
