Dreisbach Laura E, Kramer Steven J, Cobos Sandra, Cowart Kristin
School of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182-1518, USA.
Int J Audiol. 2007 Aug;46(8):419-26. doi: 10.1080/14992020701355074.
This study examined racial and gender effects on behavioral thresholds and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) in the same subjects. Pure-tone behavioral thresholds and DPOAEs were measured in 60 young normal-hearing adult subjects (20 Caucasian, 20 Asian, 20 African-American, with ten females and ten males in each group). Behavioral thresholds were measured from 1000 through 16,000 Hz using Békèsy tracking. A DPOAE frequency sweep was measured with primary stimulus levels of L(1)/L(2)=60/45 dB SPL, and an f(2)/f(1) of 1.2 at discrete f(2) frequencies between 2000 through 12,000 Hz for each subject. Significant racial and gender differences in behavioral thresholds were found at 14,000 and 16,000 Hz, with the African Americans and females having the best hearing sensitivity. Based on the current results, similar findings for DPOAE frequency sweeps can be expected amongst different racial groups given that no significant differences were identified between the groups. To further define the effects of race and gender on auditory measures, future studies should include larger numbers of subjects, measurement of body size and middle ear reflectance, and examine emission generators.
本研究在同一受试对象中检测了种族和性别对行为阈值及畸变产物耳声发射（DPOAE）的影响。对60名听力正常的年轻成年受试对象（20名高加索人、20名亚洲人、20名非裔美国人，每组各有10名女性和10名男性）进行了纯音行为阈值和DPOAE测量。使用贝凯西跟踪法在1000至16000赫兹范围内测量行为阈值。对每个受试对象在2000至12000赫兹之间的离散f(2)频率处，以L(1)/L(2)=60/45 dB SPL的初级刺激水平和1.2的f(2)/f(1)测量DPOAE频率扫描。在14000和16000赫兹处发现行为阈值存在显著的种族和性别差异，非裔美国人及女性的听力敏感度最佳。基于当前结果，鉴于不同种族群体之间未发现显著差异，预计在DPOAE频率扫描方面会有类似的发现。为进一步明确种族和性别对听觉测量的影响，未来研究应纳入更多受试对象，测量身体尺寸和中耳反射率，并检查耳声发射发生器。
