We studied the electrical properties of spinal motoneurons, the axons of which had regenerated into a cutaneous nerve. 2. In cats, all or part of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle nerve was cut and directed distally into the caudal cutaneous sural (CCS) nerve, a sensory (primarily cutaneous) nerve. One or 2 yr later, electrical properties [conduction velocity (CV), rheobase (Irh), input resistance (RN), afterhyperpolarization (AHP), and excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs)] of MG motoneurons that had cross-regenerated into the CCS nerve were determined. These were compared with properties of normal and of axotomized MG motoneurons and with data from previous studies in which MG motoneurons had reinnervated their own or a foreign muscle. 3. Electrical stimulation of the MG-innervated CCS nerve produced no detected mechanical activity, indicating an absence of muscle innervation. Tactile stimulation of skin did not activate these motoneurons; i.e., they did not acquire properties of cutaneous afferents. 4. The CV and Irh of MG motoneurons axotomized 11 mo declined by 48 and 60%, respectively. 5. The CV of MG motoneurons that had regenerated through CCS was only slightly slower than normal, similar to that of MG motoneurons that reinnervated the "slow" muscle soleus (Foehring and Munson 1990). 6. The Irh and RN were also similar to those of MG motoneurons that had regenerated into the soleus muscle. 7. Electrical stimulation of the lateral gastrocnemius-soleus nerve generated EPSPs of normal or almost normal amplitude in MG motoneurons axotomized for 11 mo or cross-regenerated into CCS up to 2 yr.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
