Sakai Koji, Fujii Ayumi
Department of Human Relations, Faculty of Human Relations, Kyoto Koka Women's University, Nishikyogoku-Kadonocho, Ukyo-ku, Kyoto 615-0882, Japan.
Shinrigaku Kenkyu. 2007 Jun;78(2):140-7. doi: 10.4992/jjpsy.78.140.
Previous research has shown that in enumeration tasks, "subitizing" is a rapid and an accurate process used with 1-4 items, and that "counting" is a slow and an inaccurate process used with over four items. It has been suggested that the former task is preattentive, whereas the latter task is attentive. We investigated whether item-size invariance and pattern symmetry affected subitizing and counting speeds. Participants enumerated dots, which were continuously presented, as quickly and as accurately as possible. Results of Experiment 1 indicated that the variance of dot-size was independent of enumeration time, suggesting that the variance in attentional allocation to each dot affected neither subitizing nor counting processes. Results of Experiment 2 indicated that pattern symmetry did not increase the capacity for subitizing, but increased the speed of counting. These results suggest that the capacity of subitizing is four items regardless of item-size invariance and pattern regularity. Moreover, the pattern configuration affected the speed of counting, whereas item features did not.
先前的研究表明，在计数任务中，“一眼识数”是用于1至4个物品的快速且准确的过程，而“计数”是用于超过四个物品的缓慢且不准确的过程。有人提出，前一种任务是前注意的，而后一种任务是注意的。我们研究了物品大小不变性和图案对称性是否会影响一眼识数和计数速度。参与者尽可能快速且准确地枚举连续呈现的点。实验1的结果表明，点大小的变化与计数时间无关，这表明分配给每个点的注意力变化既不影响一眼识数过程也不影响计数过程。实验2的结果表明，图案对称性并没有提高一眼识数的能力，但提高了计数速度。这些结果表明，无论物品大小不变性和图案规则性如何，一眼识数的能力都是四个物品。此外，图案配置影响计数速度，而物品特征则不然。
