Zanni Guido R, Wick Jeannette Y
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Consult Pharm. 2007 May;22(5):400-2, 404-6, 409. doi: 10.4140/tcp.n.2007.400.
Inadvertent puncture during use, disassembly, or disposal of needles or sharp devices (called collectively, "sharps") creates risk beyond a simple puncture. Sharps injury has always been a risk for health care workers, but emergence of certain blood-borne pathogens has intensified the need to act. Three- hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV-are of utmost concern because they can cause significant morbidity or death. The incidence of sharps injury remains unacceptably high. Injury analysis at long-term care facilities and at the national level reveals several trends that can be used to shape policy and select interventions. Policy, practice, and training need to address new devices engineered to prevent sharps injuries, sharps disposal containers, and prophylaxis after percutaneous injury.
在使用、拆卸或丢弃针头或锐器（统称为“锐器”）过程中意外穿刺所带来的风险远不止简单的穿刺伤。锐器伤一直是医护人员面临的风险，但某些血源性病原体的出现加剧了采取行动的必要性。乙型肝炎、丙型肝炎和艾滋病毒这三种病原体最为令人担忧，因为它们可导致严重发病或死亡。锐器伤的发生率仍然高得令人无法接受。长期护理机构和国家层面的伤害分析揭示了若干趋势，可用于制定政策和选择干预措施。政策、实践和培训需要关注旨在预防锐器伤的新型器械、锐器处理容器以及经皮损伤后的预防措施。
