Calzavara Liviana, Ramuscak Nancy, Burchell Ann N, Swantee Carol, Myers Ted, Ford Peter, Fearon Margaret, Raymond Sue
HIV Social, Behavioural and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
CMAJ. 2007 Jul 31;177(3):257-61. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.060416.
Each year more than 56 000 adult and young offenders are admitted to Ontario's remand facilities (jails, detention centres and youth centres). The prevalence of HIV infection in Ontario remand facilities was last measured over a decade ago, and no research on the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been conducted in such facilities. We sought to determine the prevalence of HIV infection, HCV infection and HIV-HCV coinfection among inmates in Ontario's remand facilities.
A voluntary and anonymous cross-sectional prevalence study of HIV and HCV infections was conducted among people admitted to 13 selected remand facilities across Ontario between Feb. 1, 2003, and June 20, 2004. Data collection included a saliva specimen for HIV and HCV antibody screening and an interviewer-administered survey. Prevalence rates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated and examined according to demographic characteristics, region of incarceration and self-reported history of injection drug use.
In total, 1877 participants provided both a saliva specimen and survey information. Among the adult participants, the prevalence of HIV infection was 2.1% among men and 1.8% among women. Adult offenders most likely to have HIV infection were older offenders (> or = 30 years) and injection drug users. The prevalence of HCV infection was 15.9% among men, 30.2% among women and 54.7% among injection drug users. Adult offenders most likely to have HCV infection were women, older offenders (> or = 30 years) and injection drug users. The prevalence of HCV-HIV coinfection was 1.2% among men and 1.5% among women. It was highest among older inmates and injection drug users. Among the young offenders, none was HIV positive and 1 (0.4%) was HCV positive. On the basis of the study results, we estimated that 1079 HIV-positive adults and 9208 HCV-positive adults were admitted to remand facilities in Ontario from Apr. 1, 2003, to Mar. 31, 2004.
Adult offenders entering Ontario remand facilities have a considerably higher prevalence of HIV and HCV infections than the general population.
每年有超过56000名成年和年轻罪犯被收押进安大略省的还押设施（监狱、拘留中心和青少年中心）。安大略省还押设施中艾滋病毒感染率上次测量是在十多年前，且尚未对这类设施中丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）感染率进行研究。我们试图确定安大略省还押设施中囚犯的艾滋病毒感染率、HCV感染率及艾滋病毒 - HCV合并感染率。
2003年2月1日至2004年6月20日期间，在安大略省选定的13个还押设施中对收押人员进行了一项关于艾滋病毒和HCV感染的自愿匿名横断面患病率研究。数据收集包括采集唾液样本进行艾滋病毒和HCV抗体筛查以及由访员进行问卷调查。根据人口统计学特征、监禁地区和自我报告的注射吸毒史计算并检查患病率及95%置信区间。
共有1877名参与者提供了唾液样本和调查信息。在成年参与者中，男性艾滋病毒感染率为2.1%，女性为1.8%。最有可能感染艾滋病毒的成年罪犯是年龄较大的罪犯（≥30岁）和注射吸毒者。HCV感染率男性为15.9%，女性为30.2%，注射吸毒者为54.7%。最有可能感染HCV的成年罪犯是女性、年龄较大的罪犯（≥30岁）和注射吸毒者。艾滋病毒 - HCV合并感染率男性为1.2%，女性为1.5%。在年龄较大的囚犯和注射吸毒者中最高。在青少年罪犯中，无人艾滋病毒呈阳性，1人（0.4%）HCV呈阳性。根据研究结果，我们估计2003年4月1日至2004年3月31日期间，有1079名艾滋病毒呈阳性的成年人和9208名HCV呈阳性的成年人被收押进安大略省的还押设施。
进入安大略省还押设施的成年罪犯中艾滋病毒和HCV感染率比普通人群高得多。
