Calzavara Liviana M, Burchell Ann N, Schlossberg Julia, Myers Ted, Escobar Michael, Wallace Evelyn, Major Carol, Strike Carol, Millson Margaret
HIV Social, Behavioural and Epidemiological Studies Unit, and Department of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Addiction. 2003 Sep;98(9):1257-65. doi: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2003.00466.x.
To describe injection drug use among inmates, and to identify correlates of drug injection while incarcerated.
Cross-sectional survey.
Six provincial correctional centres in Ontario, Canada.
Face-to-face interviews were conducted with a random sample of 439 adult males and 158 females.
Inmates were asked about drug use in their lifetime, outside the year prior to their current incarceration, and while incarcerated in the past year. Among the 32% (189 / 597) with a prior history of drug injection, independent correlates of injection while incarcerated in the past year were identified using multiple logistic regression.
Among all inmates while incarcerated in the past year, 45% (269 /597) used drugs and 19% (113 / 596) used non-cannabis drugs. Among those with a prior history of injecting, 11% (20 / 189) injected while incarcerated in the past year. Rates of injection with used needles were the same pre-incarceration as they were while incarcerated (32%). Independent correlates of drug injection while incarcerated were injection of heroin (OR = 6.4) or other opiates (OR = 7.9) and not injected with used needles (OR = 0.20) outside in the year prior to incarceration, and ever being incarcerated in a federal prison (OR = 5.3).
The possibility of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C (HCV) or other blood-borne diseases exists in Ontario correctional centres. In this setting, drug injection while incarcerated is primarily related to opiate use prior to incarceration. The correlation between injecting and extensive incarceration history suggests missed opportunities to improve inmates' health.
描述囚犯中的注射吸毒情况，并确定监禁期间吸毒注射的相关因素。
横断面调查。
加拿大安大略省的六个省级惩教中心。
对439名成年男性和158名女性的随机样本进行了面对面访谈。
询问囚犯一生中、当前监禁前一年之外以及过去一年监禁期间的吸毒情况。在有吸毒注射史的32%（189/597）的人中，使用多元逻辑回归确定过去一年监禁期间吸毒注射的独立相关因素。
在过去一年所有被监禁的囚犯中，45%（269/597）使用过毒品，19%（113/596）使用过非大麻类毒品。在有吸毒注射史的人中，11%（20/189）在过去一年监禁期间注射过毒品。使用过的针头注射率在监禁前和监禁期间相同（32%）。监禁期间吸毒注射的独立相关因素是在监禁前一年在外面注射海洛因（比值比=6.4）或其他阿片类药物（比值比=7.9）且未使用过的针头注射（比值比=0.20），以及曾被关押在联邦监狱（比值比=5.3）。
安大略省惩教中心存在人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）、丙型肝炎（HCV）或其他血源性病原体传播的可能性。在这种情况下，监禁期间吸毒注射主要与监禁前使用阿片类药物有关。注射与广泛监禁史之间的相关性表明错失了改善囚犯健康的机会。
