Mishellany-Dutour Anne, Renaud Johanne, Peyron Marie-Agnès, Rimek Frank, Woda Alain
Univ Clermont 1, UFR Odontologie EA3847, Clermont-Ferrand F-63000, France.
Br J Nutr. 2008 Jan;99(1):121-8. doi: 10.1017/S0007114507795284. Epub 2007 Aug 1.
The objective of the present study was to assess the impact of age and dentition status on masticatory function. A three-arm case-control study was performed. Group 1 (n 14) was composed of young fully dentate subjects (age 35.6 +/- 10.6 years), group 2 (n 14) of aged fully dentate subjects (age 68.8 +/- 7.0 years) and group 3 (n 14) of aged full denture wearers (age 68.1 +/- 7.2 years). Mastication adaptation was assessed in the course of chewing groundnuts and carrots to swallowing threshold. Particle size distribution of the chewed food, electromyographic (EMG) activity of the masseter and temporalis muscles during chewing, and resting and stimulated whole saliva rates were measured. Aged dentate subjects used significantly more chewing strokes to reach swallowing threshold than younger dentate subjects (P < 0.05), with increased particle size reduction, longer chewing sequence duration (P < 0.05) and greater total EMG activity (P < 0.05) for both groundnuts and carrots. In addition, aged denture wearers made significantly more chewing strokes than aged dentate subjects (P < 0.001) to reach swallowing threshold for groundnuts. Particle size reduction at time of swallowing was significantly poorer for denture wearers than for their aged dentate counterparts, despite an increase in chewing strokes, sequence duration and EMG activity per sequence. Masticatory function was thus adapted to ageing, but was impaired in denture wearers, who failed to adapt fully to their deficient masticatory apparatus.
本研究的目的是评估年龄和牙列状况对咀嚼功能的影响。进行了一项三臂病例对照研究。第1组（n = 14）由年轻的全口牙齿健全受试者（年龄35.6±10.6岁）组成，第2组（n = 14）由年老的全口牙齿健全受试者（年龄68.8±7.0岁）组成，第3组（n = 14）由年老的全口义齿佩戴者（年龄68.1±7.2岁）组成。在咀嚼花生和胡萝卜至吞咽阈值的过程中评估咀嚼适应性。测量咀嚼后食物的粒度分布、咀嚼过程中咬肌和颞肌的肌电图（EMG）活动以及静息和刺激后的全唾液流速。与年轻的牙齿健全受试者相比，年老的牙齿健全受试者达到吞咽阈值时使用的咀嚼次数明显更多（P < 0.05），对于花生和胡萝卜，粒度减小增加，咀嚼序列持续时间更长（P < 0.05），总EMG活动更大（P < 0.05）。此外，对于花生，年老的义齿佩戴者达到吞咽阈值时的咀嚼次数明显多于年老的牙齿健全受试者（P < 0.001）。尽管义齿佩戴者的咀嚼次数、序列持续时间和每个序列的EMG活动有所增加，但吞咽时的粒度减小明显比其年老的牙齿健全对应者差。因此，咀嚼功能适应了衰老，但在义齿佩戴者中受损，他们未能完全适应其有缺陷的咀嚼器官。
