Petry H M, Kelly J P
Department of Psychology, State University of New York, Stony Brook 11794.
Vision Res. 1991;31(10):1749-57. doi: 10.1016/0042-6989(91)90024-y.
The role of the spectral lighting environment on the post-natal development of spectral sensitivity and color vision was studied in tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri) that were born and reared to adulthood in cyclic red light. Normal tree shrews are dichromats, possessing short-wavelength-sensitive (SWS) and long-wavelength-sensitive (LWS) cone receptors and a small population of rods. Red-light-rearing (RLR) produced differential stimulation of the cone types by effectively eliminating photic stimulation of the SWS cones, without depriving the LWS cones. Spectral sensitivity and color vision were measured behaviorally for RLR shrews and normal shrews under different ambient light levels. Spectral sensitivity functions were deutan-like, exhibiting maxima at ca 450 and 550 nm and a minimum at 510 nm. No significant differences in spectral sensitivity were observed between RLR and control animals. Furthermore, all animals demonstrated deutan-type dichromatic color vision evidenced by their ability to discriminate monochromatic lights from equally-bright achromatic lights except for a "neutral point" near 505 nm. These results demonstrate that a population of functional SWS cones survived the lack of post-natal photic stimulation. However, RLR shrews differed from controls in that they were poorer at making chromatic/achromatic discriminations. While no severe disorganization of color vision was evident, the poorer discrimination displayed by the RLR animals is likely the result of changes in post-receptoral visual mechanisms.
研究了光谱照明环境对树鼩（笔尾树鼩）出生后光谱敏感性和色觉发育的作用，这些树鼩在周期性红光环境中出生并饲养至成年。正常树鼩是二色视者，拥有短波敏感（SWS）和长波敏感（LWS）视锥细胞受体以及少量视杆细胞。红光饲养（RLR）通过有效消除对SWS视锥细胞的光刺激，同时不剥夺LWS视锥细胞的光刺激，从而对不同类型的视锥细胞产生差异性刺激。对RLR树鼩和正常树鼩在不同环境光照水平下的光谱敏感性和色觉进行了行为学测量。光谱敏感性函数类似绿色盲型，在约450和550 nm处出现最大值，在510 nm处出现最小值。在RLR树鼩和对照动物之间未观察到光谱敏感性的显著差异。此外，所有动物都表现出绿色盲型二色视，这可通过它们能够区分单色光和同样明亮的非彩色光来证明，但在505 nm附近存在一个“中性点”。这些结果表明，一群功能性的SWS视锥细胞在出生后缺乏光刺激的情况下存活了下来。然而，RLR树鼩与对照动物的不同之处在于，它们在进行颜色/非颜色辨别方面表现较差。虽然没有明显的严重色觉紊乱，但RLR动物表现出的较差辨别能力可能是感受器后视觉机制变化的结果。
