Bruner Emiliano
Laboratorio di Anatomia Funzionale, Istituto Univesitario di Scienze Motorie, Roma, Italy.
Childs Nerv Syst. 2007 Dec;23(12):1357-65. doi: 10.1007/s00381-007-0434-2. Epub 2007 Aug 7.
In the last decades, paleoanthropology has been deeply modified, changing from a descriptive and historical science to a more quantitative and analytical discipline. The covariation of multiple traits is investigated to study the evolutionary changes of the underlying anatomical models, mostly through the introduction of digital biomedical imaging procedures and of computed geometrical analyses supported by multivariate statistics. FUNCTIONAL CRANIOLOGY: The evolution of the human cranium is consequently considered in terms of functional and structural relationships between its components, largely influenced by the allometric variations associated with the increase in the relative cranial capacity. In the human genus, the changes in the face, base, and neurocranium are characterised by a mosaic variation, in which adaptations, secondary consequences, and stochastic factors concur to generate a set of anatomical possibilities and constraints. SYSTEMIC PERSPECTIVES TO THE EVOLUTION OF THE HUMAN CRANIAL MORPHOLOGY: Concepts like morphological modularity, anatomical integration, and heterochrony represent key issues in the development of the current human evolutionary studies.
在过去几十年里,古人类学发生了深刻变革,从一门描述性和历史性科学转变为一门更具量化性和分析性的学科。人们研究多种性状的协变,以探究潜在解剖模型的进化变化,主要是通过引入数字生物医学成像程序以及由多元统计支持的计算机几何分析来实现。
因此,人类颅骨的进化是根据其各组成部分之间的功能和结构关系来考虑的,这在很大程度上受到与相对颅容量增加相关的异速生长变化的影响。在人类属中,面部、颅底和脑颅的变化具有镶嵌变异的特征,其中适应性、次生后果和随机因素共同作用,产生了一系列解剖学上的可能性和限制。
形态模块化、解剖整合和异时性等概念是当前人类进化研究发展中的关键问题。